5: Learning

Question 1

Affordances

Answer 1

physical actions an object can perform

Question 2

classical conditioning

Answer 2

eliciting a unconditioned response with a conditioned stimulus (UCS–>CS–>UCR)

conditioned stimulus: stimulus trained to evoke unconditioned response

unconditioned stimulus: stimulus that naturally evokes a response

conditioned response: learnt/taught response

unconditioned response: natural response to stimulus

Question 3

instrumental conditioning

Answer 3

(operant conditioning)

learning through the feedback/consequences to one’s actions (positive reinforcement)
a positive feedback strengthens behaviour while a negative feedback weakens behaviour

Question 4

observational learning/imitation

Answer 4

learning through observing the actions of others

Question 5

perceptual learning

Answer 5

learning object properties through exploration and inspection

2 main components:
- differentiation
making connections between event and environment, and remembering that it is as constant.

-affordances

Question 6

positive reinforcement

Answer 6

adding something positive as a response to one’s behaviour in order to strengthen the likelihood of that behaviour happening again

Question 7

rational learning

Answer 7

generating expectations of novel situations based on prior experiences

Question 8

statistical learning

Answer 8

learning through regularity of events
when effect precedes cause in time

eg. babies learn that if they hear their mom’s voice, it will be followed by the mom’s face