8: Inteliigence Flashcards
(24 cards)
intelligence as a single trait
IQ influences all aspects of cognitive functioning
- higher intelligence= better performance for everything else
positively correlated with all intellectual tasks
g (general intelligence)
the part of intelligence that is common to all intellectual tasks (supports intelligence as a single trait)
Intelligence as a few basic functions
Fluid and crystallised intelligence
- fluid: PREFRONTAL CORTEX-
ability to adapt to novel situations “think on the spot”
- crystallised: HIPPOCAMPUS-
factual knowledge, reflection in long term memory based on prior experiences
eg. verbal ability
Thurstone’s 7 primary mental abilities
(7) Primary mental abilities
verbal meaning, perceptual speed, word fluency, reasoning, spatial visualisation, numbering
Intelligence as numerous processes
Intelligence refers to:
- reasoning
- planning
- understanding language
- forming concepts
- encoding
- generating strategies
Three stratum theory of intelligence
Solution to intelligence being one or numerous processes
indicates that intelligence has 3 levels
- g (general intelligence) on the top
- 8 general abilities
- specific abilities
IQ
intelligence quotient
- summary of child’s intelligence in relation to its age
- IQ is measured through observable behaviour (IQ) test
- normally distributed with mean=100, SD=15
IQ tests
- different for all ages
- 6(+) years measured by WISC, testing verbal, perceptual reasoning, processing speed and working memory
3 processes of gene-environment relations
- passive effects
genotype simply passed on to child. - evocative effects
child influences environment
even if parents do not like reading, they will read to the child to enjoys stories - active effects
child actively seeks environment it enjoys
Flynn effect
rise of IQ over the years most probably due to environment
multiple intelligence theory
there are 8 types of intelligence:
linguistic, spatial, logical-mathematical, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal
theory of successful intelligence
intelligence is one’s ability to be successful in their own life, based on personal standards and within one’s sociocultural context.
success in life is based on: analytical, practical and creative abilities
-Analytical
math, linguistic, spatial intelligence
measured by normal IQ tests
-practical
reasoning everyday problems and how to solve conflicts, etc
-creative intellectual flexibility (ability to adapt to new situations)
Phonemic awareness
knowing the alphabet and the sounds of the alphabet is Stage 0 (preparation) of reading skills
phonological recoding skills
ability to sound out words/ to translate letter to sound to word
strategy-choice process
selective procedure for problem-solving (visually based retrieval for reading easier words and phonological recoding for reading harder words)
mental model
the continuous update of mental representation of the text or verbal information as info appear
(eg. visually what text is saying as you read it)
comprehension monitoring
keeping track of your own understanding of the speech/text. it differentiates good and bad readers
dyslexia
inability to read well despite normal intelligence
visually based retrieval
to read a word and get the meaning of the word directly simply by seeing it
script
strategy to improve writing: sequence high-level goals
a script is a sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events
numerical magnitude representation
mental model of sizes of numbers
knowing that 6 is smaller than 7 no matter what
symbolic numerical magnitude
numbers expressed orally or in written text
mathematical equality
knowing that the values on either side of the equal sig is the same
eg. 3+7= 10
gesture-speech mismatch
phenomenon where gestures and speech convey different ideas.
seen when children are asked complex math
eg. 3+2=___+4
they will say that ___ is 5 while pointing that they counted all 3 numbers when in fact they only counted 3+2
