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RT 202 > 5. Medical Informatics > Flashcards

5. Medical Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

study of the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of health care information and resources for the purposes of optimizing patient care

A

Health Informatics

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2
Q

Health Informatics began in _____ as the amount of data for each patient got more difficult to track

A

1950s

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3
Q

In the ____, health informatics a field of study that included subject areas such as the study of DNA and biological data.

A

1970s

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4
Q

are the base of the hierarchy and represent observations or symbols of differences in nature

A

Data

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5
Q

DIKW

A

Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom

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6
Q

each step up the pyramid answers questions about and adds value to the initial data and add values to it

A

DIKW

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7
Q

is a collection of facts in a raw or unorganized form such as numbers or characters

A

Data

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8
Q

base building block

A

Raw Data

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9
Q

this is data that has been “cleaned” of errors and further processed in a way that makes it easier to measure, visualize and analyze for a specific purpose

A

Information

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10
Q

assigns meaning to data

A

Information

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11
Q

second building block

A

Derived Information

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12
Q

combining different sets of data

A

aggregation

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13
Q

ensuring that the collected data is relevant and accurate

A

validation

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14
Q

information that can be justified as being correct or true

A

Knowledge

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15
Q

connected to other pieces help us understand how to apply information to achieve our goal

A

Knowledge

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16
Q

the use of knowledge (critical thinking) to make sound, intelligent decisions

A

Wisdom

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17
Q

third building block

A

Relevant Knowledge

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18
Q

The DIKW is followed by _____ so that wisdom can be gained through the computation of data, information, and knowledge

A

computer software

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19
Q

is knowledge applied in action

A

Wisdom

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20
Q

top of the heirarchy

A

Guiding Wisdom

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21
Q

study of the collection and distribution of information through computers

A

Information Technology

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22
Q

GAO

A

Government Accounting Office

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23
Q

According to GAO, there are 4 levels of data in medicine

A

1: nonelectric data such as paper forms and handwritten notes
2: unstructured, viewable electronic data (paper forms that have been scanned into computer)
3: structured, viewable electronic data electronically entered that cannot be computed by other computers
4: computable electronic data that can be computed by other computers

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24
Q

Health care relies on level __ data

A

4

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25
Q

level of data in which all health information on any patient must be available to caregivers who rely on basic demographics such as name, race, age, and gender, and health information such as allergies, existing conditions, and history to determine diagnoses, medication needs, treatment, etc.

A

4

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26
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

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27
Q

a legislation providing data privacy and security for medical information

A

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)

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28
Q

ensures individuals are able to maintain health insurance between jobs

A

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)

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29
Q

is adherence to the physical, administrative, and technical safeguards outlined in HIPAA, which covered entities and business associates must uphold to protect the integrity of protected health information (PHI)

A

HIPAA Compliance

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30
Q

PHI

A

Protected Health Information

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31
Q

Info protected by HIPAA includes

A
  • Names
  • Birth, death or treatment dates
  • Contact information
  • Social security numbers
  • medical record numbers
  • photographs
  • finger and voice prints
  • any other unique identifiers
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32
Q

Common HIPAA violations

A
  • posting PHI on social media
  • equipment theft that stores PHI
  • cyberattacks/breaches
  • office break-ins
  • wrongly sending PHI
  • discussion PHI in public
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33
Q

HITECH

A

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act

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34
Q

HITECH was signed into law on ____, as a part of American Recovery and Reinvestment (ARRA) Act of 2009

A

Feb. 17, 2009

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35
Q

the purpose of this act was to promote the adoption and meaningful use (MU) of health information technology (IT)

A

HITECH

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36
Q

ARRA

A

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

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37
Q

addresses privacy and security concerns associated with the electronic transmission of health information, partially through provisions that strengthen civil and criminal enforcement of HIPAA rules

A

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act

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38
Q

created primarily to push the adoption of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and supporting technology

A

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act

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39
Q

The HITECH Act contains four subtitles:

A

A: Promotion of Health Information Technology
B: Testing of Health Information Technology
C: Grants and Loans Funding
D: Privacy

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40
Q

2 Parts of Promotion of Health Information Technology

A

Part 1: Improving Health Quality, Safety and Efficiency

Part 2: Application and Use of Adopted Health Information Technology Standards; Reports

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41
Q

2 Parts of Privacy

A

Part 1: Improved Privacy Provisions and Security Provisions

Part 2: Relationship to other laws; regulatory references; effective date; reports

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42
Q

MU

A

Meaningful Use

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43
Q

Medicare/ Medicaid program that rewards the use of certified EHRs to improve patient care

A

Meaningful Use (MU)

44
Q

providers who follow the guidelines receive increases Medicare/Medicaid reimbursements, increasing profit

A

Meaningful Use (MU)

45
Q

the guidelines include specific objectives that must be met, if not, the provider will be fined

A

Meaningful Use (MU)

46
Q

Meaningful Use is implemented in a phased approach over a series of 3 stages

A

Stage 1: Promotes basic EHR adoption and data gathering
Stage 2: Emphasizes care coordination and exchange of patient information
Stage 3: Improves healthcare outcomes

47
Q

Meaningful Use (MU) now called

A

Promoting Interoperability

48
Q

Benefits of Health Informatics

A
  1. Information is stored in such a way that it can be almost indestructible and can be retrieved over and over again without information loss
  2. This also allows a number of key people to access information from anywhere, anytime, so that vital information is available when needed
  3. It allows patients some access to their health record wih the ability to contact to physician offices online for prescriptions, appointments, lab results, etc.
  4. Patient data can also be shared with disease registries such as the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC), public health reporting, or from a general practitioner physician to a specialist
  5. Informatics has led to portable sharing of information, which in turn has reduced the possibility of redundant lab and x-ray testing and has increased consistency in treatment
49
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Preventions

50
Q

Barriers of Health Informatics

A
  1. Physicians and other clinicians complain there is inadequate time to read, research, or learn new technologist and must rely on IT experts.
  2. There may be plenty of data but not enough information available to health professionals
  3. Lack of health informatics experts to train and teach those who could best use data to provide more, deeper information
  4. Cost of technology, because many software program developers and vendors sell basic programs requiring expensive upgrades for add-on programming
  5. Lack of data sharing standards across the nation
  6. Changes in workflow, transition from traditional to digital imaging
51
Q

HIPAA of 1996 was updated in _____, undergoes smaller changes every year to better address access and privacy violations

A

2013

52
Q

HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule in ____

A

2003

53
Q

HIPAA Enforcement Rule in ____

A

2006

54
Q

Incorporation of HITECH Act requirements in ___

A

2009

55
Q

HIPAA Omnibus Final Rule in ____

A

2013

56
Q

more interested in information knowledge where the focus is on manipulating digitized data

A

Informatics Professionals

57
Q

deal mostly with data and focus on technology associated with the handling of data such as hardware, software, data

A

IT Professionals

58
Q

its problems are those involving meaningful data (information) and the relationships between data (mortality and a certain drug)

A

Informatics

59
Q

its problem are those concerning isolated data (a drug search string)

A

IT or computer science

60
Q

Both areas of expertise involve retrieval of information, but both focus on different problems

A

Informatics, IT or computer science

61
Q

EHR

A

Electronic Health Record

62
Q

should result in something that represent reality

A

Data Conversion

63
Q

the outcome from data conversion is designed in a _______ where only relevant information is represented

A

Conceptual Model

64
Q

the relevant information is used to make comparisons

A

Computational Model

65
Q

might contain data such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and weight

A

Conceptual Model

66
Q

would look at the relationships between those data and how the computer manipulates the data

A

Computational Model

67
Q

how the number can be given meaning

A

Vocabulary

68
Q

ICD-10-CM

A

International Classification of Diseases Tenth Clinical Modification code

69
Q

to describe the transmission of information and it must be consistent

A

Interoperability

70
Q

CDWs

A

Clinical Data Warehouses

71
Q

emerges as storage solutions for data mined from EHRs

A

Clinical Data Warehouses (CDWs)

72
Q

EHR also known as

A

Computerized Medical Record (CMR), Electronic Clinical Information System (ECIS), Computerized Patient Record (CPR)

73
Q

CMR

A

Computerized Medical Record

74
Q

ECIS

A

Electronic Clinical Information System

75
Q

CPR

A

Computerized Patient Record

76
Q

is a compilation of health-related information concerning one individual “that can be created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization” (National Alliance for Health Information Technology, 2008)

A

EHR (Electronic Health Record)

77
Q

removes some limitations of handwritten record such as readability, efficiency, productivity quality of care, and patient safety

A

EHR (Electronic Health Record)

78
Q

EHR ELIMINATES THE ISSUE OF:

A
  1. Interpreting multiple handwriting styles
  2. Offers immediate availability of entered information
  3. Easy navigation through the patient’s record
  4. Needs no staff to pull the record
  5. Reduces duplication of orders
  6. Can provide reminders for tests or preventive services
79
Q

Major Components of an EHR

A
  1. Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
  2. Patient list and registries
  3. Electronic calculations
80
Q

software designed to help clinicians make decisions by drawing from a large database to generate patient assessments

A

Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)

81
Q

Example: Shortness of Breath (SOB) with wheezing

A

Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)

82
Q

CDSS databases provide extensive information:

A
  1. Patient Tracking
  2. Medications
  3. Patient Order Protocols
  4. Reminders
  5. Differential Diagnoses
  6. Radiology Exam
  7. Laboratory tests
  8. Public Health Alerts
83
Q

tracking patient information can be particularly important for patients who have progressively diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes

A

Patient list and registries

84
Q

tracking vital signs electronically gives more accurate, consistent, comparative information

A

Patient list and registries

85
Q

calculation of potential risks, such as cardiovascular disease using defined parameters such as cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and hypertension, is much faster using predefines calculator integrated into the EHR

A

Electronic calculations

86
Q

are also available for determining creatinine clearance for kidney function before administering contrast media or medications harmful to compromised kidneys

A

Calculators (Electronic calculations)

87
Q

ERA

A

Elder Risk Assessment

88
Q

HCC

A

Hierarchical Condition Category

89
Q

Patient risk can determined by entering:

A

diagnosis, patient age and associated risks

90
Q

Patient risk can determined by entering:
- diagnosis, patient age and associated risks.
Then choosing a large database such as:

A
  1. Elder Risk Assessment (ERA)

2. Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC)

91
Q

it is critical that patient information is entered accurately every time

A

Electronic calculations

92
Q

Risk Stratification Methods

A
  1. Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG)
  2. Charlson Comorbidity Measure
  3. Chronic Comorbidity Count (CCC)
  4. Elder Risk Assessment (ERA)
  5. Heirarchical Condition Categories (HCC)
  6. Minnesota Tiering (MN)
93
Q

Disadvantage of an EHR is

A

the reduction of one-on-one interactions

94
Q

Often the caregiver does not look at the patient because much more time is spent looking at an input device

A

Disadvantage of EHR

95
Q

is a field of study encompassing the gathering, analysis and distribution of data, information and knowledge electronically

A

Informatics

96
Q

In medicine, this may encompass patient registration and admission, billing, discharge and the EHR

A

Informatics

97
Q

contains information compiled from multiple clinical entry areas (radiology, laboratory, respiratory care, physical therapy, etc.)

A

EHR

98
Q

are available to determine patient risk for disease and medication compatibility and patient registries are streamlining disease statistics and transplant protocols

A

Software calculators

99
Q

Legislation such as ____, ____ and ____ and programs such as ___ govern the appropriate application of electronic information in medicine.

A

HIPAA,
ARRA,
HITECH,
MU

100
Q

developed at Johns Hopkins University, It uses both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, commonly used to predict hospital utilization

A

Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG)

101
Q

predicts the risk of one-year mortality for patient with arrange of comorbid illnesses

A

Charlson Comorbidity Measure

102
Q

selected comorbid conditions grouped into six categories

A

Chronic Comorbidity Count (CCC)

103
Q

for adults over 60, it uses age, gender, marital status, number of hospital days over the prior two years and selected comorbid medical illness

A

Elder Risk Assessment (ERA)

104
Q

contains 70 condition categories selected from ICD codes and includes expected health expenditures

A

Hierarchical Condition Categories

105
Q

based on major extended diagnostic groups (MEDCs); groups patients into one of five tiers: Tier 0 (Low: 0 conditions), Tier 1 (Basic: 1 to 3), Tier 2 (Intermediate: 4 to 6), Tier 3 (Extended; 7 to 9), and Tier 4 (Complex: 10+ conditions)

A

Minnesota Tiering (MN)

RT 202 (9 decks)

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