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RT 202 > 3. Networking and Communication Basics > Flashcards

3. Networking and Communication Basics Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as two or more objects sharing resources and

information,

A

computer network

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2
Q

A network can be classified into two major geographic categories:

A

local area network

LAN) and wide area network (WAN

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3
Q

is a small area networked with a series of cables or wireless access points that allow computers to share information and devices
on the same network.

A

local area network (LAN)

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4
Q

These are the least expensive to install, and they are much faster than WAN because of their smaller size

A

local area network (LAN)

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5
Q

has the fastest communication technology because less equipment and fewer resources are needed to complete the network

A

local area network (LAN)

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6
Q

The picture archival and communication system (PACS) workstations in a radiology reading room would be considered a ____

A

LAN

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7
Q

Generally the larger networks are composed of several LANs interconnected to
create the ____

A

WANs

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8
Q

is a network that spans a large area: city, state, nation, continent, or the world

A

wide area network (WAN)

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9
Q

It is used to connect computers that are not physically attached through conventional network cables but are rather connected through other means, such as telephone lines, satellite links, or other types of communication cable

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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10
Q

each computer on the network is considered equal; no computer has ultimate control over another. Each computer controls its own information and operation and can function either as a client or as a server depending
on the needs of the other computers on the network.

A

Peer-to-Peer Network

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11
Q

is most popular in small office or home network configuration because it is the least expensive and most simple to set up

A

Peer-to-Peer Network

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12
Q

has a limited scope because the maximum number of peers that should be connected is 10. More than 10 causes bottlenecks and collisions on the network.

A

Peer-to-Peer Network

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13
Q

there is a centralized computer that controls the operations, files, and sometimes the programs of the computers (the clients) attached to the network.

A

Server-Based Network

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14
Q

is similar to a server-based network in that there is a

centralized computer that controls the operations of the network

A

client-based network

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15
Q

rather than sending the entire original resource to the client for processing, the server processes the resource as requested by the client and returns only the results back to the
client

A

client-based network

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16
Q

is a computer that manages resources for other computers, servers, and
networked devices

A

server

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17
Q

It may also house applications, provide storage for files, or manage various other networked tasks.

A

server

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18
Q

is most often dedicated to one task for the

network and is usually the most robust computer on the network.

A

server

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19
Q

is a device that is found on a network that requests services and
resources from a server

A

thin-client

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20
Q

may be another computer, a printer, or any other networkable device that needs a server to complete its tasks

A

thin-client

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21
Q

Almost any personal

computer (PC) can be a ____, as long as it can be attached to the network.

A

client

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22
Q

is a computer that can work independently of the network and
process and manage its own files

A

thick-client

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23
Q

is networked so that it can share resources such as printing and take advantage of the additional security available on
networks through dedicated servers

A

thick-client

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24
Q

is generally a high-end computer

that does high-level processing for specific purposes

A

thick-client

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25
Q

In health care, specialty application workstations (____) are most often found in cross-sectional imaging
modalities for which three-dimensional imaging is used to aid diagnosis.

A

thick-client

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26
Q

is similar to the wiring used for the cable television

that is run into a house

A

Coaxial cable

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27
Q

This type of cable consists of a center conducting wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire.

A

Coaxial cable

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28
Q

is the sturdiest wire

used and is often found in the network infrastructure throughout a building.

A

Coaxial cable

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29
Q

It is often connected to another type of communication medium before it meets the device
interface.

A

Coaxial cable

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30
Q

is similar to telephone wire, but whereas telephone wire has only four wires, it usually consists of four twisted pairs
of copper wire that are insulated and bundled together with an RJ-45 termination

A

Twisted-pair wire

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31
Q

comes in various levels of quality and capacity

A

Twisted-pair wire

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32
Q

It is the most commonly used

connection medium in LANs

A

Twisted-pair wire

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33
Q

The minimum standard of twister-pair wire is

A

Cat 5 (category 5) cable

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34
Q

uses glass threads to transmit data on the network

A

Fiberoptic cable

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35
Q

It consists of a fiberoptic core that is surrounded by a plastic protective covering

A

Fiberoptic cable

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36
Q

It is much faster than its metal counterparts, but it is more expensive and much more fragile. It can easily be damaged by kinking and twisting the cable

A

Fiberoptic cable

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37
Q

It is
most often used in the infrastructure of the network, in network closets, and in large
archive/computer rooms

A

Fiberoptic cable

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38
Q

are becoming more commonplace as technology continues to improve

A

Wireless connections

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39
Q

The connection is made by using either infrared or radio

frequencies as its means of communication

A

Wireless connections

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40
Q

There is no physical cabling needed, but

each device must contain the appropriate wireless transmitter/receiver

A

Wireless connections

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41
Q

The biggest

advantage of wireless connections is ____ and _____, but it has a ____ range.

A

mobility,
convenience,
limited

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42
Q

Devices other than computers can also be found on a _______, such as printers, scanners, and barcode readers.

A

network

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43
Q

provides the interface between the

computer and the network medium; it provides the physical connection between the network and computer.

A

network interface card (NIC)

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44
Q

works with networking software to establish and manage the data, to chop up the data into packets, and to handle addressing issues.

A

network interface card (NIC)

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45
Q

is the simplest device that can be used to connect several pieces of
equipment together for network communication purposes

A

Network Hub

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46
Q

It has several wiring ports

available on it to receive and transmit data to the various connected pieces of equipment.

A

Network Hub

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47
Q

are commonly used in small office and home applications

A

Hubs

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48
Q

is similar to a hub, but it sends data only to those devices to which
the data are directed.

A

Network Switch

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49
Q

It will read the destination address from the data and select a
direct path to the intended target.

A

Network Switch

50
Q

This reduces the network traffic, speeds up the

overall network connection, and makes the network more efficient.

A

Network Switch

51
Q

is sometimes created so that larger networks can be segmented or
broken up into smaller networks to reduce traffic within that network.

A

Network Bridge

52
Q

is a physical (wired) connection from

one network segment to another.

A

The bridge

53
Q

It can recognize in which segment a particular destination address resides and send data to it.

A

The bridge

54
Q

It can recognize in which segment a particular destination address resides and send data to it.

A

The bridge

55
Q

is a more sophisticated device

A

Network Router

56
Q

It can read portions of messages and
direct them to their intended target, even if the device is on a separate network and
uses a different network protocol.

A

Network Router

57
Q

It also helps with segmenting the network to allow

access only for approved devices within that segment.

A

Network Router

58
Q

Each computer on the network is assigned a ____ address.

A

unique

59
Q

is a combination of a physical address from the computer’s hardware and a node address
given by the network.

A

The address

60
Q

smaller exchange of information cuts down the load on the network and
allows more room for other requests

A

client-based network

61
Q

One type of addressing is _________,

which is made up of four octets (groups of 8 bits) of numbers.

A

Internet protocol (IP) addressing

62
Q

In the IP addressing, The numbers range

from __ to __

A

0 to 255

63
Q

In the IP addressing, The first set of numbers indicates the _______, and the rest of the numbers tell other devices its _______.

A

network class,

exact location

64
Q

The data travel along the network using an agreed-on set of rules known as a

A

network protocol

65
Q

is a piece of the data with added information, such as the destination address, the source address, the sequence of the packets (e.g., 2 of 12), and whether there were any errors in transmission.

A

Packet

66
Q

The protocol is delivered in layers of communication known as

A

protocol stacks

67
Q

Typically a network communication model is explained using _____ layers (OSI
Model).

A

seven

68
Q

Layer 4: The transport layer makes sure data packets are sequenced correctly
and that they do not contain errors. For example, the most common transportlayer protocol, the transmission control protocol (TCP), resides in layer 4
and manages the connection for the purpose of controlling the flow of the data
packets.
Layer 3: The network layer breaks up the data into frames and decides which
network path the frame will take to its destination. For example, the IP mentioned
above is concerned with sending the message to the correct address.
Layer 2: The data link layer packages the data so that they can be transmitted over
the physical layer. Ethernet is an example protocol that performs at layer 2 and
layer 1 levels.
Layer 1: The physical layer consists of the networking media and the components
required to pass on a signal from one end of the network to the other. This is the
layer that moves bits from one place to another.

A

We need to understand only the basic principles of network communication,
so we will simplify the model and concentrate on the bottom four layers.

69
Q

is the physical (geometric) layout of the connected devices on a network.

A

Topology

70
Q

is a network in which all devices are physically attached to and
listen for communication on a single wire

A

Bus

71
Q

In a true bus network there is a single point

of failure, _______

A

the wire

72
Q

is a full or standard computer which DOES not require processing from the server

A

Thick-client

73
Q

is a lower processing power and heavily RELIES on the server

A

Thin-client

74
Q

This type of topology does not need any switches or hubs
because the computers simply broadcast all the information down the single wire, and
all computers connected to that single wire receive the information

A

Bus

75
Q

is a network in which the devices are connected in a circle

A

Ring

76
Q

One type of ring topology is called a

A

token ring

77
Q

The computers are connected in a

circle, and a token is transmitted around the ring

A

token ring

78
Q

is a network that has the devices connected to a central hub or
switch

A

Star

79
Q

can be thought of as a bus topology with the bus collapsed into
a central box: the hub or switch

A

Star

80
Q

The data are sent through the hub out to the destination device

A

Star

81
Q

This transmission of data may be through another hub or switch to an
adjacent network or directly to the device

A

Star

82
Q

This is the most commonly used network

topology

A

Star

83
Q

is a network that has multiple pathways interconnecting devices
and networks

A

Mesh

84
Q

This type of network has redundancy built in with the multiple connections

A

Mesh

85
Q

The Internet is based on this topology, and it is used most often to connect
networks to other networks

A

Mesh

86
Q

DICOM

A

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

87
Q

has
become an almost universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images among
networked medical devices

A

DICOM

88
Q

is layered on top of TCP/IP, the most common

network communication standard used, and it has multiple layers like TCP/IP

A

DICOM

89
Q

DICOM was developed by the

A

American College of Radiology (ACR) and the

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

90
Q

ACR

A

American College of Radiology

91
Q

NEMA

A

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

92
Q

The first version of DICOM was completed in ____, addressing only point-to-point connections between devices.

A

1985

93
Q

DICOM (3.0) was better than its predecessors for several reasons:

A

-It required a communications protocol that runs on top of TCP/IP (or other standardized protocol stack), permitting the devices to make use of commercial hardware and software.
-It required strict contents of the image “header” and the structure of the pixel data itself for each type of modality, therefore improving INTEROPERABILITY.
-It required a conformance system, so that a user could determine from the vendor’s documentation whether the devices would operate together.
-It embraced an open standard of development between the vendors and users to
come to consensus on the direction of the standards

94
Q

is maintained on a continuous basis and is published periodically

A

The standard (DICOM)

95
Q

defines so-called service classes or functions that a device
can perform on a defined information object (like a CT image)

A

DICOM standard

96
Q

is made up of 16 different parts ranging from image display to media storage

A

DICOM standard

97
Q

known as RJ-45 jack

A

Twisted-pair wire

98
Q

are commonly referred to as roles

A

SCU and SCP

99
Q

SCU

A

Service Class User

100
Q

SCP

A

Service Class Provider

101
Q

The most common service classes

seen in modalities and PACS are:

A
  • Image storage
  • Query/retrieval
  • Print
  • Modality worklist
  • Modality performed procedure
  • Storage commitment
  • Interchange media storage
102
Q

The 16 parts of the DICOM Standard 3.1 (2004)

A

Part 1 Introduction and overview
Part 2 Conformance
Part 3 Information object definitions
Part 4 Service class specifications
Part 5 Data structures and encoding
Part 6 Data dictionary
Part 7 Message exchange
Part 8 Network communication support for message exchange
Part 9 Media storage and file format for media interchange
Part 10 Media storage application profiles
Part 11 Media formats and physical media for media interchange
Part 12 Grayscale standard display function
Part 13 Security and system management profiles
Part 14 Content mapping resource
Part 15 Explanatory information
Part 16 Web access to DICOM-persistent objects (WADO)

103
Q

uses unique identifiers (UIDs) to globally identify each
image set, so that if the images are sent to multiple systems, the identifying number
will remain unique and not get confused with those images on other systems

A

DICOM

104
Q

also provides a framework for the use of compression technologies on
image data

A

DICOM

105
Q 
is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)–accredited Standards 
Developing Organization (SDO)
A

HL-7

106
Q

It is used in most health care applications such as medical devices, imaging, insurance, and pharmacy

A

HL-7

107
Q

oversees most clinical and administrative

data such as demographics, reports, claims, and orders

A

HL-7

108
Q

As with DICOM, ____ is

composed of many parts and is used at many levels within various hospital systems

A

HL-7

109
Q

It is the standard generally used in communication between the hospital information
system (HIS) and the radiology information system (RIS)

A

HL-7

110
Q

holds the

patient’s full medical information, from hospital billing to the inpatient ordering system

A

hospital information

system (HIS)

111
Q

holds all radiology-specific patient data, from the patient scheduling
information to the radiologist’s dictated and transcribed report

A

radiology information system (RIS)

112
Q

is either a part of the HIS or runs along with it and contains all of the patient’s
record, including lab results, radiology reports, pathology results, and nurses’ and doctors’ notes

A

electronic medical record (EMR)

113
Q

has recently come to the forefront of information technology.

A

electronic medical record (EMR)

114
Q

interfaces with most of the ancillary service systems to retrieve
reports so that they can be viewed in this one common format.

A

EMR

115
Q

Most modalities manufacture today are

A

DICOM conformant

116
Q

When it receives data from a device, it generally sends those data to all devices connected to it. It does not know what the data are, nor to which device they
should go, so it simply forwards the bits.

A

Network Hub

117
Q

computers, terminals, and servers that are interconnected by communication channels sharing data and program resources

A

computer network

118
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network

119
Q

TAN

A

Tiny Area Network

120
Q

CAN

A

Controller Area Network

121
Q

Wireless connections that are costly and have the highest speed equipment

A

WAN

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