(5) pulp

Question 1

Where is the pulp located?

Answer 1

contained within the pulp chamber and the root canals.

Question 2

Apical, what does the pulp become continuous with?

Answer 2

Periodontal ligament

Question 3

Why can’t you see the apical foremen?

Answer 3

It has been cut so you cannot see it

Question 4

What lines the border of the pulp and dentin?

Answer 4

odontoblasts

Question 5

What is the pulp?

Answer 5

connective tissue

Question 6

What does the pulp contain?

Answer 6

nerves fibres and blood vessels

Antigen presenting cells

Question 7

Where are odontoblasts bigger?

Answer 7

At the crown end

Question 8

Where are the accessory canals located?

Answer 8

Apical third of root

Question 9

What is the main component of the dental pulp?

Answer 9

collagen

Question 10

What is the organisation of the collagen type 1 fibres?

Answer 10

Fibrils thinly scattered through the pulp.
* Randomly organized.

Question 11

What is the organisation of collagen type 1 fibres at the peripherals ?

Answer 11

the peripheries, they area parallel to the predentine surface.

Question 12

When are collagen type 1 fibres parallel and right angled to peripherals?

Answer 12

• At the peripheries, they area parallel to the predentine surface.
• Right angles to the amelo-dentine junction in mantle dentine (von Korff’s).

Question 13

What collagen fibre is found in large amounts?

Answer 13

type 3

Question 14

Do type 1 and 3 collagen fibres have a similar organisation?

Answer 14

Similar banding pattern as type I.

Question 15

What fibres are present in the pulp but at smaller level?

Answer 15

Collagen type V : present in small amounts. * Collagen type VI: present in small amounts. *

Fibrillin:
* Microfibrils smaller in diameter than collagen.
* Large glycoprotein.

Question 16

What are the components of the non-fibrous matrix?

Answer 16

Glycosaminoglycans.
* Proteoglycans
* Other adhesion molecules.

Question 17

What cells are present in the pulp?

Answer 17

• Odontoblasts.
• Fibroblasts.
• Immune cells.
• Undifferentiated cells.

Question 18

What cells are shown here?

Answer 18

Odontoblasts

Question 19

What shape do the fully differentiated odontoblasts take?

Answer 19

• A fully differentiated odontoblast is a polarized columnar cell with a long process inside a tubule.

Question 20

What links adjacent odontoblasts and other pulp cells?

Answer 20

Small processes

Question 21

Is the pulpal odontoblasts a single cell layer?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

How do the odontoblasts attach to the predentin?

Answer 22

Odontoblasts form a layer of single cells attached to the predentine by a single process.

Question 23

Is the pulp highly innervated?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What is the shape of odontoblasts at the root vs coronally?

Answer 24

Coronal odontoblasts are columnar in outline, while they are almost cuboidal in the root.

Question 25

How do odontoblasts appear in oblique sections?

Answer 25

Pseudo-stratified

Question 26

Name structures A-C

Answer 26

Question 27

What do fibroblasts do?

Answer 27

* They slowly produce fibres and ground substance. * Pulp fibroblasts can degrade extracellular matrix, matrix turnover Apoptosis

Question 28

What do fibroblasts produce?

Answer 28

Production of growth factors and cytokines.

Question 29

What are examples of immune cells in the pulp?

Answer 29

* T-lymphocytes * Macrophages * Dendritic antigen presenting cells

Question 30

What cells lie under the odontoblastic layer?

Answer 30

Cells layer capable of differentiating into odontoblasts.

Question 31

What are examples of cells capable of differentiating into odontoblasts?

Answer 31

* Pluripotent primitive mesenchymal cells that could differentiate into a variety of cell types. * Modifying cell activity by a change in gene expression. * Modified fibroblasts???

Question 32

What blood vessels associate with the pulp?

Answer 32

Arterioles and venules

Question 33

How do the arteriolar and venues enter the pulp?

Answer 33

enter the pulp via the apical foramen and lateral canals.

Question 34

Do the venues and arteriolar have branches?

Answer 34

Yes, to reach peripherals

Question 35

Where do the blood vessels branch profusely?

Answer 35

once within the coronal pulp chamber.

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Where do the odontoblast lie in the pulp?

Answer 37

Periphery

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

What is the composition of water and organic material in the pulp?

Answer 39

75% water 25% organic material

Question 40

What is the main component of pulp?

Answer 40

Collagen type 1

Question 41

How is the collagen type 1 organised?

Answer 41

Randomly

Question 42

What is the orientation of collagen at the peripherals of the pulp?

Answer 42

They are parallel to the predentine surface

Question 43

What is the orientation of collagen type 1 fibres at the amelo-dentin junction in mantle dentine?

Answer 43

Right angles Called Von Korff’s fibres

Question 44

What is the precursor of collagen fibres?

Answer 44

Alpha chain

Question 45

What composed procollagen?

Answer 45

3 alpha chains of collagen

Question 46

How does procollagen become collagen molecule?

Answer 46

Procollagen peptides

Question 47

What does a single collagen molecule form?

Answer 47

Collagen fibril after assembly

Question 48

What is the second most abundant collagen fibre in the pulp?

Answer 48

Collagen type 2

Question 49

What is similar between collagen 1 and 2?

Answer 49

The banding

Question 50

What percent of total pulpal collagen is type 2?

Answer 50

41%

Question 51

What are the least abundant types of collagen in the pulp?

Answer 51

Type V and VI

Question 52

Name the fibres found in the pulp?

Answer 52

Collagen 1, 2, 5, 6 Fibrillin: Microfibrils Large glycoproteins

Question 53

What are the types of fibrillins found in the pulp?

Answer 53

Microfibrils Large glycoproteins

Question 54

What are the 2 types f adhesion molecules in the pulp?

Answer 54

Lamin and fibronectin

Question 55

What occurs here?

Answer 55

Mineralisation front

Question 56

How do odontoblasts attach to one another?

Answer 56

Different types of cell junctions

Question 57

What are 3 types of cell junctions?

Answer 57

Desmosomes Tight junctions Gap junctions

Question 58

What is the role of desmosomes?

Answer 58

Mechanical union

Question 59

What is the role of tight junctions?

Answer 59

Limit permeability, mechanical integrity

Question 60

What is the role of gap junctions?

Answer 60

Synchronisation

Question 61

What can pulp fibroblasts degrade?

Answer 61

Extracellular matrix

Question 62

What do fibroblasts turnover?

Answer 62

Matrix