5. Use of Biological Resources Flashcards
(13 cards)
How do glasshouses/polythene tunnels increase crop yield?
Control environment (temperature, CO₂, light, humidity).
How do increased CO₂ and temperature affect crop yield?
Increase rate of photosynthesis, increase yield.
Why use fertilisers?
Replace minerals, promote plant growth.
Advantages and disadvantages of pesticides and biological control?
Pesticides: effective, but can harm environment
Biological control: environmentally friendly, but may not fully control pests
Role of yeast in food production?
Fermentation in bread making.
How is yoghurt made?
Bacteria (Lactobacillus) ferment milk sugars.
What is an industrial fermenter?
Vessel for growing microorganisms with controlled conditions.
What is selective breeding?
Choosing parents with desired traits to produce offspring with those traits.
What is the role of restriction enzymes and ligase?
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites; ligase joins DNA pieces.
What are vectors in genetic engineering?
Plasmids/viruses that carry DNA into cells.
How is insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria?
Human insulin gene inserted into bacteria, which produce insulin in fermenters.
How are genetically modified plants used?
Improve food production (e.g., pest resistance, higher yield).
What does ‘transgenic’ mean?
An organism that has received genes from a different species.
