Key enzymes in lipid metabolism

Question 1

Location of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 1

In the liver ONLY

Question 2

Activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 2

Citrate

Question 3

Inhibitor of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 3

Long chain fatty acyl-CoA and AMP

Question 4

Hormonal activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 4

Insulin

Question 5

Hormonal inactivator of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 5

Glucagon and epinephrine

Question 6

Induces enzyme synthesis of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 6

Fat-free diet; high carb diet

Question 7

Represses enzyme synthesis of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 7

High fat diet, fasting, glucagon and epinephrine

Question 8

What factor is needed in fatty synthesis?

Answer 8

Biotin

Question 9

What compound does fatty acid synthesis create, and what significance does this play?

Answer 9

Malonyl coA, the only repressor of CPT-1

Question 10

Location of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1

Answer 11

Malonyl CoA - always active UNLESS this compound is present

Question 12

Location of HSTL

Answer 12

Adipose tissue

Question 13

What does HSTL stand for?

Answer 13

Hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase

Question 14

Hormonal activator of HSTL

Answer 14

Epinephrine and ACTH

Question 15

Hormonal inactivator of HSTL

Answer 15

PGE and insulin

Question 16

Reaction catalyzed by HSTL

Answer 16

TAG degradation

Question 17

Location of HMG-CoA synthase

Answer 17

Liver mitochondria

Question 18

Reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA synthase

Answer 18

Acetyl CoA from ketone bodies

Question 19

Location of acetoacetate:succinyl-CoA transferase

Answer 19

Not the liver

Question 20

Reaction catalyzed by acetoacetate:succinyl-CoA transferase

Answer 20

Ketone metabolism

Question 21

Location of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 22

Cholesterol, AMP, mevalonate

Question 23

Hormonal activator of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 23

Insulin

Question 24

Hormonal inactivator of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 24

Glucagon

Question 25

Reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 25

Cholesterol synthesis

Question 26

Pharmaceutical inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 26

Statin drugs; efficacy is dependent on the number of LDL receptors on the liver

Question 27

Location of 7-alpha-reductase

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

Activator of 7-alpha-reductase

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

Reaction catalyzed by 7-alpha-reductase

Answer 29

Bile acid synthesis

Question 30

Activator of ACAT

Answer 30

Cholesterol

Question 31

Reaction catalyzed by ACAT

Answer 31

Cholesterol esterification

Question 32

Location of lipoprotein lipase

Answer 32

Endothelium

Question 33

Reaction catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase

Answer 33

Fatty acid removal from lipoprotein TAGs

Question 34

Activator of lipoprotein lipase

Answer 34

Apo CII