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PAtho > Unit 19 > Flashcards

Unit 19 Flashcards

1
Q

how do stds spread

A

genitals, mouth, rectum, skin, placenta

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2
Q

viral/recurring stds

A

herpes, warts, aids

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3
Q

bact/elimanted stds

A

syph, clap, gonorhea, chancroid

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4
Q

high risk practice

A 
multi partners, unsafe/high risk sex practice
drug abuse
medically underserved
prior stds
non compliant std tx
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5
Q

low risk or no risk practice

A

monogomy

abstinence

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6
Q

genital herpes

A

recurrent, systemic, viral infc

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7
Q

what virus causes gential herpes

A

herpes simplex type 2

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8
Q

what virus causes cold sores

A

herpes simplex type 1

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9
Q

what type of microbe is herpes

A

neurotropic

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10
Q

neurotropic microbes

A

attack host cells ganglia

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11
Q

how does herpes spread

A

contact with shedding leisions or vaginal sec

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12
Q

incubation herpes

A

2-10 days

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13
Q

when do mnfts appear in herpes

A

3-7 days post contact with apperance of lesions

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14
Q

mnfts of herpes lesions

A

pain, burning at site (internal in women)

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15
Q

systemic mnfts of herpes

A

fever, m ache

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16
Q

when may a herpes virus become subclinical

A

if virus is latent

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17
Q

major problem with herpes

A

reoccurence

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18
Q

tx for herpes

A

no cure, symptom tx, anti viral for flare ups

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19
Q

which hpv strains have inc incidence in warts

A

6,11

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20
Q

characteristics of warts

A

beningn, neoplastic growth. short stock lesion with multi heads

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21
Q

incubation for warts

A

1-2 mo

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22
Q

cure for wart

A

no

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23
Q

tx for warts

A 
removal
topical drugs
sx
cryosx
monitor for ca
vaccine to prevent hpv?
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24
Q

what types of topical drugs are used in warts

A

cytotoxic or antimyotic

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25
Q

what strains of hpv may cause ca

A

16 and 18

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26
Q

name of syph bact

A

treponema pallidum

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27
Q

how does syph spread

A

contact with leasions and across placenta at 16 wks gest

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28
Q

incuation syph

A

10-90 days

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29
Q

how does syph spread

A

microbe divides and spreads systemically

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30
Q

comp of syph

A

blindness, paralysis, hd, death

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31
Q

1 stage of syph

A 
bact introduced. 
painless chancre (ulcrative bleeding)
reginal lympahdenopathy
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32
Q

how long does it take for a painless chancre in 1st stage syph to heal

A

3-12 weeks

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33
Q

2nd stage of syph

A

appearance of further lesions

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34
Q

when does 2nd stage syph begin

A

6-8 weeks post infc

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35
Q

mnfts of 2nd stage syph

A

macupapular rashes (white, pimple like) on palms and soles
white patches on mucous membs and tongue
flat papules
generalized and progressed lymphadenopathy
fever and malaise
latencyup to 50 yrs

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36
Q

when does 3rd stage of syph occur

A

1-35 years after primary infc

37
Q

what happens in the 3rd stage of syph

A

irreversiable damage to bone, joints, cvs, ns,

38
Q

what is important to remember about 3rd stage syph

A

we can eradicate syph bact but disease process is permanent. infc is systemic

39
Q

tx for syph

A

long acting penicillin

40
Q

why do we use long acting penicillin in syph

A

bact is spirochete shape - these bact have inc generation time of approx 30h. we need abx to last in system for duration of this time

41
Q

bact name for clap

A

chlamyida trachomatis

42
Q

characteristics of clap

A

gram -, tiny, hard to detect bacteria

43
Q

what percent of clap is asymptomiatic

A

50

44
Q

mnfts clap in male

A

white or clear urethral discharge
mild dysuria rt pain in urethra
testicular pain within scrotum rt inflm of epididymis

45
Q

mnfts of clap in female

A

mucopurulent vaginal dc plus cervical mucous
dysuria
bleeding
pelvic pain + PID

46
Q

tx for clap

A

abx, doxycycline. azithromycin

47
Q

bact name for gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonnorrhea

48
Q

incubation of gono

A

3-8 days

49
Q

mnfts of gono in female

A

purulent, vaginal dc

dysuria, genital irritation, late pelvic pain rt PID

50
Q

mnfts of gono in male

A

urethral dc, dysuria

51
Q

systemic mnfts of gono (m and f)

A

bacteremia
pharygneal infc rt oral sex
conjunctivitis rt contaminated hands touching eyes
arthritis dermatits syndrome/ septic arthritis

52
Q

mnfts of arthritis dermatis

A

swollen,painful joints

53
Q

tx gono

A 
1st line: abx (cephalosporins)
2nd line: inc dose plus add another class of antibiotics
54
Q

AIDS

A

infc rt HIV

55
Q

incubation of HIV

A

varying

56
Q

what does hiv target

A

IR and T helper cells

57
Q

what happens when IR is targetted

A

inc immunesuppression -> opport infc, CA

58
Q

2 forms of HIV

A

HIV 1 and HIV 2

59
Q

how does HIV spread

A

sex, cont blood, maternal (in utero, LDR, lactation)

60
Q

what is the risk of HIV for HCP1

A

0.3%

61
Q

what does HIV infection by needle stick injury depend on

A

viral load of blood

depth and location of injury

62
Q

3 phases of HIV infc

A

primary inf
latent
overt AIDS

63
Q

primary infc

A

weeks-mo. introd + replication

64
Q

window period

A

time req for dx test to detect microbe

65
Q

what do we look for in the window period of HIV

A

looking for inc Ab in blood in response to Ag

66
Q

how long may the window period be

A

up to 3 mo

67
Q

what occurs in the primary infc

A

seroconversion

high viral load and dec cd4 count

68
Q

seroconversion

A

formation of ab in blood

69
Q

what is the relationship between viral load and CD4 count

A

inversely porportional to eachother

70
Q

what classifies AIDS

A

cd4 count that falls below a certain number and stays down OR 2 infcs and/or Ca

71
Q

latent periods AIDS

A

asymptomatic
lymphatic tissue damage
recurrent resp infc rt dec IR
fatigue

72
Q

when does overt aids occur

A

about 10 years after infc

73
Q

what is targetted in overt aids

A

th cells, macrophages, b cells

74
Q

what happens in overt aids

A

destrosy IR -> dec IR and defenses-> inc new infc + latent pathogens
affects various organs

75
Q

dx for aids

A 
clinical progression
ELISA
western blot assay
PCR
CD4 count
P24 Ag test
NAT
76
Q

what does ELISA measure

A

measures abs via ez linked reaction. measures ab against whole virus

77
Q

western blot assay

A

measures virus spec ag. test with inc specifity

78
Q

PCR

A

biochemical tests not typically done. Measures virus

79
Q

CD4

A

measures number of t helper cells. (inc viral load - dec CD4)

80
Q

P24 ag test

A

measures protein within viral vore. appears in serum of infctd individual.

81
Q

NAT

A

nucleic acid testing. replaces PCR, detects virus by looking at its nucleic acid content

82
Q

best early test for AIDS

A

p24 ag test

83
Q

number one dx for AIDS

A

elisa

84
Q

top 3 mfnts for aids

A

resp (TB/pnumonia) -> drug resistant TB
GI
NS (dementia, encephalopathy) -> extensive damage rt infc and toxins

85
Q

why does oppurtunistic ca occur 2

A

malignant cells multiply because IR cannot control them -> neoplasia -> CA
genetic mutation rt virus interruption to host cells

86
Q

why does opportunistic infc occur

A

IR compromise and anatomic damage to IR

87
Q

which oppurtunistic cas are most common in HIV

A

Kaposi sarcoma
NHL
cervical ca

88
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

cutaneous lesions visible on skin, mouth, lymph nodes. endothelial origin

89
Q

tx AIDS/HIV

A

slow progression to AID

antiretrovirals

PAtho (31 decks)

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