April 10

Question 1

What are features of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 1

Thickened bronchial walls
Lymphocytic infiltration
Mucous gland enlargement –increased goblet cells
Squamous cell metaplasia

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause

Question 2

What is the cause of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 2

Due to deviation of infundibular septum

• -most common cause of early childhood cyanosis
• -squatting: increases SVR, decreases right-to-left shunt–improves cyanosis

Question 3

What inherited disorder is caused by deficient DNA repair enzymes and is characterized by DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation?

Answer 3

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Question 4

Disorder of the inner ear characterized by increased volume and pressure of endolymph due to defective resorption?

Answer 4

Meniere disease –causes damage to vestibular and cochlear components of the inner ear

Triad:

• Low frequency tinnitus
• Vertigo
• Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 5

What is the 1st line tx for OCD?

Answer 5

SSRI

–Target is 5-HT

Question 6

What is the major immune mechanism against Giardia?

Answer 6

CD4+ T helper cells and secretory IgA production—impairs adherence to the small bowel mucosa

Question 7

How do ACE inhibitors cause an increased Cr shortly after being started?

Answer 7

Blockage of Angiotensin II action on the efferent arteriole causes vasodilation of the arteriole–decreasing GFR and increasing CR.

Angiotensin II normally vasoconstricts the efferent

Question 8

What NSAID does NOT impair platelet function?

Answer 8

COX-2 selective Celecoxib

Question 9

What is the MOA of Bupropion used as antidepressant and what is its most severe side effect?

Answer 9

Increase NE and DA

Seizures can be seen in anorexic/bulimic pts

Also used for smoking cessation