April 28 Flashcards
Lesion to what nerve results in loss of gag reflex, loss of general sensation in the upper pharynx, posterior tongue, tonsils, and middle ear; and loss of taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal IX
What type of lung cancer shows growth along intact alveolar septa without vascular or stromal invasion?
Adenocarcinoma in situ–located at the periphery
–columnar mucin-secreting cells
What type of gastric cancer shows signet ring cells?
Diffuse gastric cancer–mucin-filled cells with peripheral nuclei–infiltrate into the stomach wall
What are the characteristics of Klinefelters?
Primary hypogonadism
- -Elevated FSH and LH
- -Decreased testosterone
Long lower extremities
Small, firm testes
Azoospermia
What malignant ovarian neoplasm causes hirsutism and clitoromegaly?
Steroli-Leydig –stroma (sex cord) tumor
–Increased androgen production
Adding Carbidopa to levodopa can cause what adverse side effects?
Increases central side effects due to increasing DA in the brain–anxiety and agitation, insomnia, hallucinations
Will help with peripheral side effects–because it decreases conversion
What is the screening test for fecal fat?
Sudan III stain
What are the changes called that occur within the body of a neuron after the axon has been severed?
Axonal reaction –reflect an increase in protein synthesis that facilitates axon repair
Enlarged, rounded cells with peripherally located nuclei and dispersed finely granular Nissl substance
What can be safely supplemented in a pt with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency?
Lysine and leucine–they are strictly ketogenic and will not increase the lactate levels
Pyruvate dehydrogenase normally converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, but when it is deficient then it is converted to lactate, which can cause metabolic acidosis
Where is the lowest osmolarity within the nephron?
distal convoluted tubule
What is seen with sickle cell trait with respect to HbA and HbS?
HbA is present in a greater amount
What nerve is at risk during thyroidectomy and what does this nerve innervate?
External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve –due to proximity to superior thyroid artery and vein
Nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle –hoarse voice
Only muscle in the throat innervated by its self and associated with nerve injured during ligation of thyroid artery
Communicating hydrocephalus is caused by decreased reabsorption by what?
Arachnoid granulations–seen with arachnid scarring post–meningitis
Pt projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician?
Transference
–Psychiatrist is seen as parent
What is the classic triad of symptoms seen with Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
Arthralgia
Abdominal pain
Vasculitis secondary to IgA immune complex deposition and is associated with IgA nephropathy
Most often follows URI
