April 26 Flashcards
What test is used to dx vWF disease?
Ristocetin–No platelet aggregation will occur
What anti-seizure med can cause Gingival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin
–due to increased expression of PDGF –macrophages come in contact with PDGF and cause proliferation of gingival cells and alveolar bone
How does Fabry disease present, what are late complications of the dz and what enzyme is deficient?
Triad of episodic peripheral neuropathy, angiokeratomas, hypohidrosis
Late–progressive renal failure and cardiovascular disease
Deficient a-galactosidase A–build up of Ceramide trihexoside
What channels controls insulin release from B-cells and what stimulates this channel?
Glucose entering the cell causes increased ATP which binds to open K channel–causing it to close —this causes depolarization of cell opening Ca2+ channels causing stimulation of insulin exocytosis
What nerve is affected when a pt experiences hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to sound)?
Facial nerve which gives rise to the stapedius nerve–feeding the stapedius muscle
What is the MOA of milrinone and what 2 things does it cause?
Increases cAMP within cardiac and vascular smooth muscle by inhibiting PDE-3
Increased cAMP within cardiac muscle cells increases Ca release causing increased contractility
Increased cAMP within vascular smooth muscle–causes vasodilation–decreases after load
What 2 compounds are depleted due to hyperammonemia seen with hepatic encephalopathy?
Depletion of a-ketoglutarate and glutamate–due to increased NH3
Decreased a-ketoglutarate leads to inhibition of TCA cycle
Decreased glutamate–leads to increased glutamine within the cells causing astrocyte swelling and dysfunction
Pt with fluctuating lymphadenopathy is most likely to have what type of malignancy?
Follicular lymphoma –waxing and waning clinical course
Pts with acute decompensated heart failure with significant fluid overload should be given what type of diuretic?
Loop –provide the maximum amount of diuresis in the shortest period of time
What is the purpose of giving hCG to a pt who is trying to get pregnancy?
The alpha sub-unit of the hCG is similar to LH–so giving this will act as the LH surge and will promote release of the dominant follicle –inducing ovulation
A diverticula that is composed of mucosa and submucosal is what kind and what is the most likely cause?
Pseudodiverticulum because it doesn’t involve all of the layers
–Most commonly caused by increased pressure in the intestines–pulsion diverticulum
Occur in older pts and most often in sigmoid colon
What are the most common organisms that cause bacteremia in sickle cell pts?
S. Pneumoniae and H. Influenzae
