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SOCI 388 > Real Test #3 > Flashcards

Real Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

The criminal law divides murder and nonnlgligent manslaughter into what 4 subcategories?

A
  1. ) First-degree murder
  2. ) Second-degree murder
  3. ) Voluntary manslaughter
  4. ) Involuntary manslaughter
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2
Q

“Malice aforethought” (the intent to kill someone)

A

First-degree murder

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3
Q

The intender wanted to do seriously bodily harm but wasn’t about to kill the person

A

Second-degree murder

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4
Q

Less serious and less blame worthy but not justifiable

A

Voluntary manslaughter

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5
Q

Drunk driving (etc.)

A

Involuntary manslaughter

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6
Q

Two different kinds of assault

A
  1. ) Aggravated assault

2. ) Simple Assault

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7
Q

Unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting severe injury

A

Aggravated assault

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8
Q

T/F

Aggravated assault usually involves a weapon

A

True

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9
Q

An attack with no weapon and results without serious injury

A

Simple Assault

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10
Q

Race of victims/offenders of homicide

A

Intraracial (same race)

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11
Q

The prevalence of firearms in homicide is…

A

1/4th or 25%

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12
Q

T/F

The code of the street such as the stress, social disorganization and other poor conditions of urban life contributes to the reason as to why African-Americans have high rates of homicide and assault.

A

True

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13
Q

Early research in regards to the high rates of homicide and assault among African-Americans was…

A

Emotional and racist - claiming that it was an inborn disposition to be violent or were simply biologically inferior

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14
Q
  • Intersections
  • Stuck in the cycle
  • Bad schools
  • Lack of economic resources
  • Negative family structure
  • Violent nature of masculinity

Are reasons that contribute to…

A

High rates of homicide and assault among African-Americans

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15
Q

A large amount of anger within the African-American population is due to what 2 things?

A
  1. ) Discrimination

2. ) Economic deprivation

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16
Q

Taking or attempting to take anything of value from care,custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or putting victim in a state of fear

A

Robbery

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17
Q

T/F

Robbery does not involve BOTH theft and interpersonal violence

A

False - it is the combination

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18
Q

Attempted or completed unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft

A

Burglary

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19
Q

Domestic or sexual attacks by intimates: spouses, ex-spouses, boyfriends, girlfriends or the ex’s

A

Battering

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20
Q

Sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim; force doesn’t have to mean brute force but also coercion

A

Rape

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21
Q

Seek to restrict the use of a women’s sexual history in rape cases

A

Rape Shield Laws

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22
Q

Attempted or completed unlawful taking, carrying, leading or ridding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another

A

Larrcery

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23
Q

Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another etc.

A

Arson

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24
Q

4 main kinds of terrorism

A
  1. ) State terrorism
  2. ) Vigilante terrorism
  3. ) Insurgent terrorism
  4. ) Transnational terrorism
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25
Q

Use of police and other government agents to repress citizenry through violent means

A

State Terrorism

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26
Q

Initiated by private groups against other private groups to preserve status quo

A

Vigilante terrorism

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27
Q

Directed against public authorities for purpose of bringing about radical political change

A

Insurgent terrorism

28
Q

Which kind of terrorism usually includes bombings, shootings, and kidnappings?

A

Insurgent terrorism

29
Q

Committed by residents of one or more nations against another nation

A

Transnational terrorism

30
Q

Mass killings by the government by a particular group of individuals

A

Genocide

31
Q

Crimes that involve people who participate in these behaviors willingly

A

Consensual Crime

32
Q

One individual paying for services from another

A

Pornography

33
Q

3 main kinds of pornography

A
  1. ) Violent pornography
  2. ) Erotica
  3. ) Nonviolent pornography
34
Q

Depicts sexual violence against women

A

Violent pornography

35
Q

Depicts respectful nudity and consensual, loving interactions between adults

A

Erotica

36
Q

Falls short of erotica but not violence against women

A

Nonviolent pornography

37
Q

Historically who commits hate crimes?

A

Whites

38
Q

Hate crimes are usually committed by _______ ______

A

Organized groups or individuals

39
Q

Examples of hate groups/individuals

A
  1. )KKK
  2. ) Neo-Nazies
  3. ) Skinheads
  4. ) Christiant Identity
  5. ) Aryan Nation
40
Q

Hedonistic lust, thrill, comfort, power/control, mission and visionary killers

A

Serial killing

41
Q
  • Injury or other evidence of force
  • Woman has not been sexually active
  • Woman didn’t dress provocateively
A

“Real Rape”

42
Q

2 common battering myths

A
  1. ) Must have angered their partner

2. ) Battering is not that bad because the victims doesn’t leave

43
Q

What is the reality of battering?

A
  • Often the victim has no where to go
  • Victims fears being tracked down
  • They continue to love their batterers
  • Other factors include the overuse of alcohol, unemployment, and male peer support
44
Q

3 ways to reduce violence against women

A
  1. ) Reduce male dominance
  2. ) Reduce poverty
  3. ) Change criminal justices’ perspective
45
Q

Index crimes are considered…

A

Part 1 crime offenses

46
Q

Examples of part 1 crime offenses include…

A
  • Burglary
  • Larceny
  • Theft
  • Arson
47
Q

Crimes are considered…

A

Part 2 crime offenses

48
Q

Examples of part 2 crime offenses include…

A
  • Forging/counterfeiting
  • Fraud
  • Buying/receiving/possessing stolen property
  • Embezzlement
49
Q

2 different “grades” of criminals

A
  1. )Amateur

2. ) Professional

50
Q

Young, unskilled and commit when opportunity arises

A

Amateur criminal

51
Q

T/F

Amateur criminals comprise the vast majority of property offenders

A

True

52
Q

Older and more skilled, plan offenses carefully

A

Professional criminal

53
Q

If you are in an area that causes you to be more likely to offend then you are more likely to be a victim (bars, street, etc_

A

Routine activites theory

54
Q

If a person is alone, weak, older, distracted, unsuspecting, or intoxicated as well as being in a dark place they exude a….

A

Presence of an attractive target

55
Q

Presence of a likely offender =

A

Motivation

56
Q

Lack of a group of people or a small police presence =

A

Absence of guardianship

57
Q

City with the highest rate of car theft is…

A

Oakland/San Francisco

58
Q

Who coined the phrase “white-collar crime”

A

Edwin Sutherland

59
Q

Any illegal or socially harmful act aimed at preserving or changing existing political and social order

A

Political crimes

60
Q

2 major categories of Political crime

A
  1. ) Crime by government (State-organized)

2. ) Crime against government

61
Q

Political crime is caused by…

A
  • Government are quite ready to use violence/the law/other means to intimidate
  • Lack of power motives crime and dissidence
  • Structural explanations (politcal opportunity)
62
Q

Crimes by government include…

A
  • Political repression and human rights violations
  • Torture, assassination and related violence
  • Surveillance, infiltration and disruption
  • Legal repression
  • Unethical or Illegal Experimentation
  • State-corporate crime
  • Political corruption
63
Q

Genocide is an example of…

A

Political repression and human rights violations (Crime by government)

64
Q

An example of legal repression is…

A

Arrest and imprison dissidents; political prisoners

65
Q

Crimes against government include…

A
  • Mass political violence (riots, rebellion, terrorism)
  • Political assassination
  • Civil disobedience
  • Espionage and treason
66
Q

Violation of a law which is itself considered morally unjust

A

Direct civil disobedience

67
Q

Violation of a law for reasons of conscience where the law violated is not itself considered immoral

A

Indirect civil disobedience

SOCI 388 (4 decks)

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