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M2015/16 > Immuno p.203-207 > Flashcards

Immuno p.203-207 Flashcards

1
Q

Name all antigen presenting cells:

A

B cells, microphages, dendritic cells

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2
Q

How many signals are required for T cell activation, B cell activation, and class switching?

A

2

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3
Q

What is a “Costimulatory signal”?

A

interaction of B7 and CD28 (signal 2).

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4
Q

MHC II presents Ag to which CD cells?

A

CD4+ cell which are recognized by TCR

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5
Q

MHC I presents Ag to which CD cells?

A

Tc (CD8+) cell

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6
Q

5 steps in Naive T-cell activation:

A
  1. Dendritic cell samples and processes antigen.
  2. Dendritic cell migrates to the draining lymph node.
  3. Antigen is presented on MHC II, MHC I
  4. “Costimulatory signal”
  5. Th cell activates and produces cytokines. Tc cell activates and is able to recognize and kill virus infected
    cell.
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7
Q

What is the first signal in B-cell activation and class switching?

A

Foreign antigen is presented on MHC II and recognized by TCR on Th cell

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8
Q

2nd signal of B-cell activation and class switching involves —– receptor on B cell binds —– on Th cell

A

CD40, CD40 ligand (CD40L)

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9
Q

4 steps of B-cell activation and class switching:

A
  1. Th-cell activation.
  2. B-cell receptor–mediated endocytosis; foreign antigen is presented on MHC II and recognized by TCR on Th cell (signal 1).
  3. CD40 receptor on B cell binds CD40 ligand (CD40L) on Th cell (signal 2).
  4. Th cell secretes cytokines –> B cell activates and undergoes class switching, affinity maturation, and antibody production.
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10
Q

— region of IgM and IgG fixes complement.

A

Fc region

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11
Q

— region consisting of light (L) and heavy (H) chains recognizes antigens.

A

Fab (variable)

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12
Q

In Digoxin toxicity what part of the antidote given targets Digoxin?

A

Fab (Digoxin immune Fab)

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13
Q

Which part of an Ab has carbohydrate side chains?

A

Fc

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14
Q

T or F? Fab has only 1 antigenic specificity expressed per B cell and has a carboxy terminal.

A

F. Fc has a carboxy terminal.

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15
Q

Which region determines isotypes like IgM or IgD?

A

Fc

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16
Q

Antibody diversity is generated by random recombination of – or — genes

A

VJ (light-chain)

V(D)J (heavy-chain)

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17
Q

What is the function of TdT during Ab diversification?

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Adds nucleotides to DNA during recombination.

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18
Q

Which lymphoid neoplasm has a TdT+ marker?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

(marker of pre-T and pre-B cells),

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19
Q

Mature B cells expresson which 2 immunoglobulins on their surfaces?

A

IgM and IgD

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20
Q

Isotype switching of Ig is mediated by what 2 components?

A

cytokines and CD40L

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21
Q

Which Ig has the lowest concentration in serum?

A

IgE

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22
Q

Most abundant Ig isotype in serum?

A

IgG

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23
Q

Ab that is a monomer in circulation or dimer (when secreted?

A

IgA

24
Q

IgA is produced in GI tract by — and protects against gut infections.

A

Peyer patches

25
Q

Main antibody in 2° (delayed) response to an antigen?

A

IgG

26
Q

Ab that cross-links when exposed to allergen, mediating immediate (type I) hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

27
Q

What shape is IgM on B-cells?

A

Monomer on B cells

28
Q

Ab produced in the 1° (immediate) response to an antigen/

A

IgM

29
Q

Why do vaccines often require boosters and adjuvants?

A

Because Ag lacking a peptide component (e.g., lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria)
cannot be presented by MHC to T cells.

30
Q

Name an example of Thymus-dependent

antigen?

A

diphtheria vaccine

31
Q

Name an example of Thymus-independent

antigen?

A

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

32
Q

Name the 5 Acute-phase reactants that are up-regulated?

A 
C-reactive protein
Ferritin
Fibrinogen
Hepcidin
Serum amyloid A
33
Q

APR are induced by:

A

induced by IL-6.

34
Q

which of the APR correlates with ESR?

A

Fibrinogen

35
Q

In anemia of chronic disease which APR is elevated?

A

Hepcidin

36
Q

Which APR is internalized by macrophages to sequester iron?

A

Transferrin

37
Q

Which APR is elevated in amyloidosis?

A

Serum amyloid A

38
Q

Albumin is down or up regulated in inflammation?

A

down reg.

39
Q

Membrane attack complex (MAC) defends against gram- —- bacteria.

A

negative

40
Q

Lectin pathway is activated via:

A

mannose or other sugars on microbe surface.

41
Q

Complements during anaphylaxis?

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

42
Q

Two 1° opsonins in bacterial defense which enhance

phagocytosis?

A

C3b, IgG

43
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is deficient in which components of complement?

A

Inhibitors defect: decay-accelerating factor (DAF, aka CD55)

44
Q

Another name for DAF?

A

GPI-anchored enzyme

45
Q

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in which Complement disorders?

A

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

46
Q

Complement disorders causing susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reactions?

A

C3 deficiency

47
Q

Another name for osteoclast-activating factor?

A

IL-1

48
Q

T or F? Interferon-γ causes cachexia in malignancy.

A

F. TNF-α does

49
Q

Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils?

A

IL-8

50
Q

T or F? TGF-β and IL-10 both aid the immune

response.

A

attenuate

51
Q

Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG?

A

IL-4

52
Q

Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation by all cells?

A

Interferon-γ

53
Q

Functions like Sargramostim?

A

IL-3

it is a GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

54
Q

Decreases expression of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines.

A

IL-10

55
Q

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells?

A

IL-12

M2015/16 (27 decks)

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