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M2015/16 > Neurology p. 470-474 > Flashcards

Neurology p. 470-474 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 Spinal tracts are ascending and sense pressure?

A

Dorsal column

Spinothalamic tract

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2
Q

which track has a 2nd synapse on NMJ?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

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3
Q

Which 2 tracts decussate at the 2ND-ORDER NEURON?

A 
Dorsal column
Spinothalamic tract (Anterolater)
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4
Q

Which 2 tracts decussate in medulla?

A

Dorsal column

Lateral corticospinal tract (pyramidal decussation)

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5
Q

Which 2 tracts sense pressure?

A

Spinothalamic tract

Dorsal column

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6
Q

Which 2 tracts cell body in dorsal root ganglion?

A

Spinothalamic tract

Dorsal column

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7
Q

Which tract decussates at anterior white commissure?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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8
Q

Where is the cell body of Lateral corticospinal tract?

A

cell body in 1° motor cortex

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9
Q

Which 2 tracts have a 3RD-ORDER NEURON end in Sensory cortex?

A

Spinothalamic tract

Dorsal column

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10
Q

Which tract sends vibration, fine touch, and proprioception to the cortex?

A

Dorsal column

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11
Q

Atrophy UMN or LMN?

A

LMN

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12
Q

Where does the Lateral corticospinal tract become LMN?

A

at spinal cord as 2ND-ORDER NEURON

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13
Q

Which tract sends
Lateral: pain, temperature
Anterior: crude touch,

A

Spinothalamic tract

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14
Q

Spastic paralysis UMN or LMN?

A

UMN

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15
Q

Which motor neuron sign is seen in both UMN and LMN?

A

Weakness

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16
Q

UMN or LMN in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease? Where is the distruction? And mode of inheritance?

A

LMN lesions only
destruction of anterior horns; flaccid paralysis.
Autosomal recessive

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17
Q

Fasciculations UMN or LMN?

A

LMN

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18
Q

A pt with weakness and fasciculations and spastic paralysis but has no sensory or oculomotor deficits suffers from what spinal coed dz?

A

ALS

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19
Q

Scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus are sx of what spinal cord dz?

A

MS

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20
Q

Clasp knife spasticity UMN or LMN?

A

UMN

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21
Q

Reflexes and Tone incr with UMN or LMN?

A

UMN

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22
Q

pt has impaired sensation and proprioception,
progressive sensory ataxia (inability to sense or feel
the legs Žcausing poor coordination). What is the path?

A

Tabes dorsalis

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23
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis involves UMN or LMN? Name the cause?

A

both

defect in superoxide dismutase 1.

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24
Q

Lesion to what spinal artery destroys all but spares dorsal columns and Lissauer tract? and why is that part spared?

A

Complete occlusion of anterior spinal artery

because gracilis and cuneatus are supplied by Posterior spinal arteries.

25
Q

⊕ Romberg sign is seen in which 2 spinal cord lesions?

A 
Tabes dorsalis
ALS
Vit B12 def.
Friedreich's ataxia
Ménière's disease
26
Q

Which artery supplies ASA below ∼ T8?

A

Adamkiewicz

27
Q

MOA of Riluzole and what is treats?

A

incr modestly  survival of ALS

 decr presynaptic glutamate release

28
Q

demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, and spinocerebellar tracts i seen in which path?

A

Vit B12 def

29
Q

Name 3 demyelination paths of the spinal cord?

A

MS
Tabes dorsalis
vit B12 def

30
Q

Sx of Syringomyelia?
Where is it seen?
defect in what path?

A
  • Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation (usually C8–T1)
  • See in Chiari I malformation
  • white commissure of spinothalamic tract (2nd-order
    neurons)
31
Q

What is frataxin and what path is it seen?

A

iron binding protein,

32
Q

What test can help dx Polio?

A

stool sample - Virus recovered from stool or throat.

33
Q

In Brown-Séquard syndrome which finding in is the only Contralateral finding?

A

pain and temperature loss below level of lesion (due to spinothalamic tract damage)

34
Q

7 year old child presents with kyphoscoliosis, frequent falling and diabetes has a defect on chromosome 9. What is the pathphys and what will be the cause of death?

A

Friedreich ataxia - defected frataxin causes impairment in mitochondrial functioning. (oxidative stress)
MCC of death: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy around 7years

trinucleotide repeat disorder (GAA)

35
Q

In which 6 paths do we find Horner syndrome?

A

Any lesion above T1

  • Brown-Séquard syndrome
  • PICA
  • Cavernous sinus syndrome
  • Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
  • Pancoast tumor
  • Clustera headaches
36
Q

In Brown-Séquard syndrome at which levels are UMN sings and at which are there LMN signs?

A

UMN signs below the lesion

LMN signs at the lesion

37
Q

”— at the belly butten”.

A

T10

38
Q

”— at the teat pore.”

A

T4

39
Q

” — is IL (Inguinal Ligament).”

A

L1

40
Q

“Down on ALL 4’s “

A

L4- knees

41
Q

“ — keep the penis off the floor.”

A

S2, 3, 4

42
Q

Diaphragm and gallbladder pain referred to the

right shoulder via — nerve

A

phrenic

43
Q 
Testing for reflexes: 
Biceps = 
Triceps = 
Patella =
Achilles =
A 
Biceps = C5 nerve root.
Triceps = C7 nerve root.
Patella = L4 nerve root.
Achilles = S1 nerve root
44
Q

Level of cremaster reflex?

A

L1, L2

45
Q

Level of anal wink reflex?

A

S3, S4

46
Q

Describe Galant reflex?

A

Stroking along one side of the spine while newborn is in ventral suspension (face down) causes
lateral flexion of lower body toward stimulated side

47
Q

Describe Rooting reflex?

A

Movement of head toward one side if cheek or mouth is stroked (nipple seeking)

48
Q

Describe Plantar reflex?

A

Dorsiflexion of large toe and fanning of other toes with plantar stimulation
Babinski sign—presence of this reflex in an adult, which may signify a UMN lesion

49
Q

Describe Moro reflex?

A

“Hang on for life” reflex—abduct/extend arms when startled, and then draw together

50
Q

Gland for melatonin secretion, circadian

rhythms?

A

Pineal gland (neroectoderm)

51
Q

CN nuclei that lie medially at brain stem:

A

III, IV, VI, XII. “Factors of 12, except 1 and 2.”

52
Q

Area for conjugate vertical gaze center?

A

Superior colliculi

53
Q

Area of midbrain for auditory?

A

Inferior colliculi

54
Q

Midbrain contains which nuclei?

A

CN III, IV

55
Q

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi Describes? What paths can cause that?

A 
Parinaud syndrome ("suncken eye syndrome") 
stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma
56
Q

Pons contains nuclei of which CN?
ƒƒ
ƒƒ

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

57
Q

Medulla contains nuclei of which CN?

A

CN IX, X, XII

58
Q

Spinal cord contains nucleus of which CN?

A

CN XI

59
Q

CN nuclei position:
Lateral nuclei =
Medial nuclei =

A

Lateral nuclei = sensory (aLar plate).
—Sulcus limitans—
Medial nuclei = Motor (basal plate).

M2015/16 (27 decks)

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