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Ana > Ch 5 Lec 2 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 5 Lec 2 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

A

perichondrium

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2
Q

the perichondrium provides support and protection and makes new blank

A

chondrocytes

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3
Q

two layers of perichondrium

A

inner, outer

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4
Q

layer of perichondrium that binds to cartilage and provides support and protection

A

outer

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5
Q

layer of perichondrium that has the matrix

A

inner

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6
Q

this starts in the perichondrium and allows the perichondrium to grow

A

appositional growht

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7
Q

chondroblasts secrete blank

A

matrix

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8
Q

chondroblasts enclosed in the matrix become blank

A

chondrocytes

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9
Q

growth where chondrocytes are enclosed in matrix and divide

A

interstitial growth

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10
Q

matrix forms between chondrocytes and this is the growth of cartilage from within

A

interstitial growth

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11
Q

supportive connective tissue that contains specialized cells and has a solid extracellular matrix

A

osseous tissue

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12
Q

an organic portion of protein fibers in osseous tissue

A

osteoid

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13
Q

the ground substance of osseous tissue

A

calcium salts / water

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14
Q

bone is produced by these cells (first stage)

A

osteoprogenitor

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15
Q

bone is created by these cells (stage that does something)

A

osteoblasts

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16
Q

derived from osteogenic cells and secrete osteoid, and is the predecessor to osteocytes

A

osteoblasts

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17
Q

increased osteoblast activity =

A

stronger bone

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18
Q

mature cells that exist within matrix and maintain Ca and PO4 homeostasis

A

osteocytes

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19
Q

osteocytes are found in spaces called blank

A

lacunae

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20
Q

blank is how osteocytes get oxygen, get nutrients, and communicate

A

canaliculi

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21
Q

chain of bone formation

A

osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts (not same cell)

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22
Q

these are involved in bone cycle and are white blood cell derived

A

osteoclasts

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23
Q

osteoclasts are involved in blank

A

osteolysis

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24
Q

more osteoclast production =

A

weaker bone

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25
Q

osteoclasts are very blank

A

large

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26
Q

bone matrix is made up of these two things

A

osteoid, inorganic materials

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27
Q

makes up 65 percent of bone matrix and are brittle salts

A

inorganic materials

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28
Q

three inorganic materials that make up bone matrix

A

hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, ions

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29
Q

organic part of bone matrix and makes up 35 percent

A

osteoid

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30
Q

three fibers that make up osteoid of bone matrix

A

collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

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31
Q

the result of bone matrix is both blank and blank

A

strong, flexible

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32
Q

two types of bone

A

compact, spongy

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33
Q

compact bone is arranged in blank

A

osteons

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34
Q

spongy bones are arranged in blank

A

trabeculae

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35
Q

these connect one cell to the next cell in compact bone osteocytes

A

canaliculi

36
Q

in the center of each osteon is a blank

A

blood vessel

37
Q

concentric blank of matrix surrounding a central blank canal

A

lamellae, haversian

38
Q

osteons are connected to each other by blank canals

A

perforating

39
Q

three types of lamellae

A

concentric, interstitial, circumferential

40
Q

layers of bone surrounding the central canal and make up osteons

A

concentric lamellae

41
Q

lamellae that is found between the osteons and represent older osteons partially removed during tissue remodeling

A

interstitial

42
Q

lamellae that surrounds the compact bone and is produced by the blank

A

circumferential, periosteum

43
Q

spongy bones can also be called blank

A

cancellous

44
Q

contains trabeculae, canaliculi, matrix, and osteocytes

A

spongy bone

45
Q

spongy bone does not have these two things

A

osteons, central canal

46
Q

spongy bone is mostly on the blank of the bone

A

ends

47
Q

blank is made of bone and is in spongy bone but is not an osteon. It has lamellae, canaliculi, but not a central canal

A

trabeculae

48
Q

latticework of thin plates of bone oriented a long lines of stress

A

trabeculae

49
Q

spaces of trabeculae are filled with blank where blood cells develop

A

red marrow

50
Q

these lighten the bone and allows for movement

A

trabeculae

51
Q

trabeculae have blank instead of blank

A

red marrow, blood vessels

52
Q

this encloses bone and is absent at the site of attachment of muscles, tendons and ligaments

A

periosteum

53
Q

two layers of periodsteum

A

outer fibrous, inner

54
Q

layer of periosteum that gives rise to collagen

A

outer fibrous

55
Q

layer of periosteum that is for growth or new cells and maintenance

A

inner

56
Q

1 cell layer and covers surfaces of spongy bone and medullary cavity

A

endosteum

57
Q

three types of cells in endosteum

A

osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

58
Q

shaft of long bone

A

diaphysis

59
Q

one end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

60
Q

growth plate region of long bone

A

metaphysis

61
Q

over joint surfaces, acts as friction and shock absorber of a long bone

A

articular cartilage

62
Q

marrow cavity of a long bone

A

medullary cavity

63
Q

bone marrow that is areolar and adipose connective tissue and is absent in infants and is for energy storage

A

yellow

64
Q

bone marrow that is areolar and myeloid tissue and produces blood cells

A

red marrow

65
Q

supply periosteum with blood

A

periosteal arteries

66
Q

these enter through nutrient foramen and supplies compact bone of diaphysis and yellow marrow with blood

A

nutrient arteries

67
Q

supply red marrow and bone tissue of epiphyses and metaphyses with blood

A

metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries

68
Q

each artery supply of bone also has a corresponding blank

A

vein

69
Q

replacing connective tissue with bone

A

ossification

70
Q

mesenchymal cells growing into spongy bone is called blank growth

A

intramembranous

71
Q

hyaline cartilage grows into spongy bone in this growth

A

endochondral

72
Q

this ossification begins at week 8 in embryo and is mostly finished by week 15

A

intramembranous

73
Q

this forms the cranial flat bones, facial bones, dentary bones, clavicle, and sesmoid bones

A

intramembranous ossification

74
Q

location where bone growth begins

A

primary ossification center

75
Q

these cells arrange around blood vessels

A

mesenchymal

76
Q

bone blank proteins are released after mesencyhmal cells arrange

A

morphogenic

77
Q

mesenchymal cells turn into blank

A

osteoblasts

78
Q

osteoblasts secrete blank

A

osteoid

79
Q

osteoblasts become isolated which forms blank

A

osteocytes

80
Q

mesenchymal cells at surface form inner layer of blank

A

periosteum

81
Q

calcified matrix is degraded by blank to form blank bone

A

osteoclasts, spongy

82
Q

end result of intramembranous ossification

A

spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone

83
Q

ossification where bone replaces a cartilage model

A

endochondral

84
Q

this begins at week 7 of embryo and continues to adulthood

A

endochondral ossifiction

85
Q

this forms long bones, many short bones, non cranial irregular and flate bones, middle ear ossicles

A

endochondral ossification

Ana (40 decks)

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