ENT - Vertigo Flashcards
what are the 2 types of vertigo?
- central: brain stem, cerebellum
- peripheral: labyrinth, vestibular
where are the end organ receptors in the vestibular apparatus?
cupula
the utricle contains _______________ (fluid)
endolymph
where are the otoliths located?
utricle
what is labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis?
acute unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular function
labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis is associated with ________ (3 things)
- vertigo
- N/V
- nystagmus
PERSISTENT (lasts for weeks)
when is labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis typically seen?
post URI
how can peripheral vertigos be suppressed?
visual fixation
- sudden vertigo often overnight (noted on awakening)
- fixed horizontal nystagmus with fast phase toward healthy ear
vestibular neuronitis
what is the classic triad of menieres disease?
- vertigo
- tinnitus (aggressively worsening)
- hearing loss (sensorineural)
what is the pathogenesis of menieres disease?
build up of endolymphatic pressure in labyrinth (hydrops)
what is the treatment for menieres disease?
vestibular suppressants
what is a perilymphatic fistula? when do they occur?
- traumatic fistula at round or oval window
- after forceful cough, sneeze, scuba diving, direct blow
what are the causes of central vertigo?
- infarcts
- CP angle tumors
- MS
- migraine
what are the symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome?
- vertigo, nystagmus (VERTICAL)
- gait limb ataxia
- dysphagia, decreased gag
- ipsilateral facial hemianesthesia
- ispilateral horners
- contralateral arm trunk leg pain
