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Patho > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following diseases is caused by an auto-immune destruction of myelin and oligodendrocytes within the CNS.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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2
Q

What is the primary goal fro administering hands-only CPR to an individual in cardiac arrest?

A

Keep oxygenated blood pumping to the brain

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3
Q

Which type of pathogen is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

What is the function of an AED for an individual in cardiac crisis?

A

Stop a fibrillating heart from beating so a normal pulse can restart

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5
Q

What structure in the brain is the most common site of cerebral aneurysms?

A

Circle of Willis

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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7
Q

5-10 minute blank stare and unaware of surroundings, but no muscle contractions

A

Petit Mal

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8
Q

Single or sporadic muscle jerks affecting both sides of body

A

Myoclonic

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9
Q

Sudden loss of muscle tone

A

Atonic

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10
Q

Rigid stiffening of muscles

A

Tonic

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11
Q

Which classification of hydrocephalus is due to a blockage of CSF reabsorption from the arachnoid villi?

A

Nonobstructive communicating hydrocephalus

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12
Q

What is the rationale for initiating CPR on an individual that has stopped breathing, but still has a pulse?

A

Lack of breathing will closely be followed by cardiac arrest

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13
Q

Which type of brain injury would not show up on a diagnostic image of the head?

A

Concussion

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14
Q

When a stroke occurs due to a clot or bacterial vegetation breaking free, traveling to the brain and causing an occlusion of an artery, we classify this stroke as:

A

Embolic

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15
Q

What is the first step you should take when you come upon an individual that has collapsed on the ground?

A

Check your surroundings

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease can develop due to a mutation within the presenilin-1 gene. What is the mechanism through which this mutation is associated with development of Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Mutant protein is a dysfunctional secretase that leads to beta-amyloid deposits

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17
Q

Which mechanism of spinal cord injury is the most unstable?

A

Hyperflexion

18
Q

Which classification of hematoma results from a rapid bleed from arteries just beneath the skull bones?

A

Epidural

19
Q

How many compression per minute should you target when doing hands-only CPR?

A

100-120

20
Q

What disease is caused by a mutation in a alpha-synuclein and the accumulation of Lewy bodies within neurons of the substantia nigra?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

21
Q

A mutation leading to hyperpolarization of Tau protein is responsible fro what brain pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Neurofibrillary tangles in neurons

22
Q

What type of hematoma results from a ruptured cerebral aneurym?

A

Subarachnoid

23
Q

Which disease is associated with inflammatory injury to the cranial nerve VII, possibly related to latent herpes virus infections?

A

Bells Palsy

24
Q

Which form of hydrocephalus results from a block of passage of CSF thorough aqueducts and/or foreman between ventricles and exiting ventricles?

A

Obstructive noncommunicating

25
Q

Which mechanism of stroke is associated with the highest rate of morbidity and mortality?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

26
Q

Which disease is caused by progressive apoptosis of upper and/or lower motor neurons?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

27
Q

What is the most common site of ischemic cerebral strokes?

A

Middle cerebral artery

28
Q

Which disease is caused by auto-immune attack on myelin of neurons within the peripheral nervous system?

A

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

29
Q

What is the target depth for chest compressions during hands-only CPR?

A

2 inches

30
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease can be associated with dysfunction in nerve transmission. What’s the mechanism for this dysfunction?

A

Decreased production of ach in axon terminal

31
Q

Which type of traumatic brain injury is associated with shearing of axons?

A

Diffuse

32
Q

What role does mutated parkin gene and defective Parkin protein gene product play in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Disrupts the ubiquitin-associated removal of misfolded alpha-synuclein proteins

33
Q

Which disease is caused by a mutation with sod1 gene, leading to accumulation of mutant misfolded protein and lack of oxidative stress control?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

34
Q

Which form of spina bifida involves the protrusion of spinal cord and meninges outside the body?

A

Spina bifida meningomyelocele

35
Q

Which disease is caused by the loss of dopamine production from the brain?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

36
Q

Which seizure-associated event with seizures occurs right before a seizure starts and relates to the location of the epileptogenic focus?

A

Aura

37
Q

Which of the following is deposited outside of neurons in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, causing disruption and damage to neurons?

A

Beta-amyloid

38
Q

Which of the following neurological diseases would be considered static, or not progressive?

A

Cerebral Palsy

39
Q

After severe spinal cord injuries, a clinical syndrome can develop involving transmission of pain from bladder or bowel that is blocked at the site of injury. Sympathetic response leads to generalized vasoconstriction, causing hypertension and baroreceptors in brain to slow the heart rate. what is this secondary syndrome called?

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia

40
Q

On average, how many minutes can the brain survive without oxygen before brain death starts to develop?

A

5 minutes

Patho (4 decks)

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