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DIT Biochem > Bio 18 - Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Bio 18 - Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine.

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2
Q

What are the cause of thiamine deficiency?

A

Poor nutrition (alcoholism, malabsorption). Increase loss of water-soluble vitamins (dialysis patient).

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of thiamine deficiency?

A

Damage to the medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the posterior hypothalamus. Generalized cerebral atrophy.

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Dry Beriberi?

A

Nonspecific peripheral neuropathy w/ myelin degeneration. Toe, wrist, or foot drop. Muscle weakness. Hyporeflexia. Areflexia.

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Wet Beriberi?

A

Peripheral vasodilation. High output heart failure. Peripheral edema. Cardiomegaly.

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6
Q

What are the difference of symptoms in Dry beriberi vs wet beriberi?

A

Dry is involved in nerves. Wet in hearts.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for thiamine deficiency?

A

Immediate thiamine supp. Always give thiamine BEFORE glucose (can worse Wernike-Korsakoff encephalopathy).

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8
Q

What is another name for vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin.

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9
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin B2?

A

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Both are cofactors for redox reactions, so if the enzyme has the word “dehydrogenase”, it requires B2 as a cofactor.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B2 deficiency?

A

Dermatitis. Kelosis. Angular stomatitis. Glosittis.

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11
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin.

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12
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin B3?

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (NADP). Important on redox reactions. Derived from tryptophan.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Niacin deficiency?

A

Pellagra: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia.

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14
Q

What are three causes of Niacin deficiency?

A

Hartnup disease (decreased tryptophan absorption). Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism). Isoniazid (INH; inhibits B6 and B3).

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15
Q

How can we inhibit the Flushing reaction of Niacin?

A

Take aspirin 30 minutes prior.

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16
Q

Why do we give niacin to patients with dyslipidemia?

A

Increases HDL, decreases LDL.

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17
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B5?

A

Pantothenate.

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B5 deficiency?

A

Dermatitis. Enteritis. Alopecia. Adrenal insufficiency.

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19
Q

What is another name for B6?

A

Pyridoxine?

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20
Q

What does Vitamin B6 do?

A

The active form is pyridoxal phosphate, it is a coenzyme for numerous enzymes. Converts AA precursors into lots of substances: GABA, histamine, Heme, Niacin, etc.

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Convulsions and hyperirritability and peripheral neuropathy (B6 essential for GABA production). Angular cheilosis. Glossitis.

22
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B7?

A

Biotin.

23
Q

What does Vitamin B7 do?

A

[Buy-a-tin of CO2] Apoenzyme for carboxylation reactions.

24
Q

What can cause vitamin B7 deficiency?

A

Avidin found in egg whites that prevents absorption of biotin. Antibiotics.

25
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B9?

A

Folic acid.

26
Q

What does Vitamin B9 do?

A

Crucial for synthesis of DNA and the repair of DNA. Synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Rapid cell division and growth. Biologically active form is tetrahydrofolate.

27
Q

What are the causes of Folic acid deficiency?

A

Medications (Phenytoin, Sulfonamide, TMP, MTX). Malnutrition. Pregnancy (Rapid growth of fetus). Neural tube defects. Growth failure. Megaloblastic anemia. Glossitis, diarrhea, depression, confusion.

28
Q

What are the two vitamin deficiencies that can cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

Deficiency in B9 or B12.

29
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

A

Cobalamin.

30
Q

What are the symptoms of B12 deficiency?

A

Anemia (megaloblastic) and hypersegmented neutrophils. Decreased B12 levels. Increase MMA and homocystein levels. Neurological symptoms: parestehsias, ataxia, memory loss, dementia, severe weakness.

31
Q

What would be a stark difference of symptoms of B9 vs B12 deficiency?

A

Only B12 deficiency causes Neurological symptoms.

32
Q

What are the causes of B12 deficiency?

A

Only found in animals; vegans and vegetarians. Pernicious anemia: B12 combines with Intrinsic factor found in stomach and the complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum. Gastric bypass. Malabsorption (Crohn’s, celiac sprue, enteritis).

33
Q

What is the Schilling test?

A

Give radioactive B12 and see how much shows up in the urine later on.

34
Q

A patient presents w/ convulsions and irritability. What vitamin deficiency is causing these symptoms in this patient?

A

Vitamin B6 (GABA production).

35
Q

What type of anemia can be caused by folate or B12 deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic anemia.

36
Q

Where is B12 absorbed into the circulation?

A

Terminal illeum.

37
Q

Which vitamin deficiency causes Peripheral neuropathy, glossitis?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency. Possibly B6.

38
Q

Which vitamin deficiency causes neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid.

39
Q

Which vitamin deficiency causes Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia?

A

Vitamin B3 deficiency.

40
Q

Which vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anemia?

A

B12 deficiency.

41
Q

Which vitamin is used in oxidation/reduction reactions?

A

Vitamin B2, B3.

42
Q

Which vitamin is used in carboxylation reactions?

A

Biotin.

43
Q

Which vitamin is required for intrinsic factor for absorption?

A

Vitamin B12.

44
Q

Which vitamin is used by pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A

Vitamin B1.

45
Q

Which vitamin can be used to elevate HDL and lower LDL?

A

Vitamin B3.

46
Q

Which vitamin deficiency can be caused by Isoniazid?

A

Vitamin B6, B3.

47
Q

Cobalt can be found in which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12.

48
Q

Which vitamin is critical for DNA synthesis?

A

Folate and Vitamin B12.

49
Q

RFF: Most common vitamin deficiency in the US?

A

Folate deficiency.

50
Q

RFF: Hypersegmented neutrophils?

A

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

51
Q

RFF: Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy.

A

Wet Beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency).

DIT Biochem (19 decks)

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