Bio 17 - Fat Soluble Vitamins, Antioxidants

Question 1

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

D.A.E.K.

Question 2

What is another name for Vitamin D2? Where does it come from?

Answer 2

Ergocalciferol. The ingested type of vitamin from plants.

Question 3

What is another name for Cholecalciferol? Where does it come from?

Answer 3

Vitamin D3. It is added to the milk we drink and synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight.

Question 4

What is the physiological active type of vitamin D?

Answer 4

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Question 5

What does Vitamin D do in the intestines?

Answer 5

Increases calcium uptake by increasing the expression of calcium-binding proteins, and increases the uptake of phosphate and magnesium.

Question 6

What are 4 ways to be vitamin D deficient?

Answer 6

Inadequate dietary vitamin D. Impaired hydroxylation (by liver) to make 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Impaired hydroxylation (by kidneys) to make 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. End organ insensitivity to vitamin D.

Question 7

What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 7

Rickets (children). Osteomalacia (adults).

Question 8

What are the causes of Vitamin D toxicity?

Answer 8

Too much vitamin D supp. Sarcoidosis (increase in the conversion of 25-OH D3 to 1,25-(OH)2 D3.

Question 9

What is the role of Vitamin K?

Answer 9

Post-translational modification of various clotting factors [DiSCo started in 10-972]; Protein C and S, Prothrombin, Clotting factors II, VII, IX, X.

Question 10

What is the relationship between vitamin K and newborns?

Answer 10

Newborns have a sterile gut, therefore do not have the appropriate intestinal flora to produce vitamin K. They must receive a single IM dose of vitamin K at birth.

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of Coumadin?

Answer 11

Vitamin K antagonist.

Question 12

What medications might cause vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 12

Coumadin. Anticonvulsants (phenytoin). Antibiotics.

Question 13

What are four forms of Vitamin A that is used in the body?

Answer 13

Retinol. Retinal. Beta-carotene. Retinoic acid.

Question 14

What type of Vitamin A do we use for mild to moderate acne? To severe acne?

Answer 14

Mild use tretinoin. Severe use Isotretinoin.

Question 15

What are three disease we can use Vitamin A for treatment?

Answer 15

Acne. Measles. AML (M3 subtype).

Question 16

What are the symptoms Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 16

Night blindness. Xerophthalmia. Keratomalacia. Bitot spots.

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity?

Answer 17

Headache. N/V. Stupor. Increase in ICP. Dry and pruritic skin. Hepatomegaly. +/- cirrhosis. Bone and join pain. Alopecia.

Question 18

What is another name for Vitamin E? What does it do?

Answer 18

Alpha-tocopherol. Antioxidant, prevents non-enzymatic oxidation of cell components by oxygen-free radicals.

Question 19

What are the symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 19

Hemolytic anemia. Spinocerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxia. Peripheral neuropathy and proximal muscle weakness.

Question 20

What does Vitamin C do?

Answer 20

Required for hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of collagen. Required for dopamine Beta-hydroxylase. Antioxidant. Facilitate iron absorption in the gut.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 21

Sores, spongy gums. Loose teeth. Fragile blood vessels. Hemarthrosis. Impaired wound healing. Anemia.

Question 22

What vitamins in excess can cause hypercalcemia?

Answer 22

Vitamin D.

Question 23

Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of which amino acids in collagen synthesis?

Answer 23

Proline. Lysine.

Question 24

RFF: Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia.

Answer 24

Vitamin D.

Question 25

RFF: Swollen gums, poor healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin.

Answer 25

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency).