5.1 and 5.2A Flashcards by Jojo Diggs

Building blocks of human body

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

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Anatomy vs physiology

What vs How

Study of organs and systems

Study of the function of organs and systems

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Gross anatomy vs histology

Study of anatomy to naked eye

Study of microscopic structures

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Three basic parts of a cell

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Membrane

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What does a nucleus do

Control center of all activities, vital to its reproduction

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What is the cytoplasm

Production department of a cell, site of most chemical activities, where organelles store nutrients

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What is the cell membrane?

The outer surface and enclosing structure of the cell

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What is mitosis

Indirect division, cells reproduce by dividing in half

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What is the metabolism

The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction

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What are the two phases of metabolism

Anabolism, building up larger molecules from smaller molecules

Catabolism, breaking down of large molecules into smaller

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What are the five primary types of tissue

Epithelial 
Connective 
Nerve 
Muscular 
Liquid

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Explain organs

They perform specific functions and are composed of two or more different issues.

some examples are the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, and the skin

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What are 10 body systems

Skeletal muscular circulatory nervous digestive excretory respiratory endocrine reproductive integumentary

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What does the epithelial tissue do

Covers and protects the body surfaces and internal organs

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The study of organs and systems of the body is called

Anatomy

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Another name for histology is

Microscopic anatomy

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Cells are composed of a gel like substance called

Protoplasm

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What performs most of the cells activities

Organelles

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How many bones are there

206

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What is osteology

Study Of bones

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What are the three types of bones

Long bones such as arms and legs
Flat bones such as ribs and school
Irregular bones such as wrist ankle and spinal column

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What are bones composed of

2/3 mineral matter

1/3 organic matter

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How is the skull divided

The cranium which contains 8 bones and the facial skeleton which is 14 bones

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What are the six types of bones in the cranium

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid,

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Which of the bones in the cranium have two bones

Parietal and temporal

What are the 5 types of bones in the facial skeleton

Lacrimal zygomatic mandible nasal and Maxillae

What is the lacrimal bone

Inner eye socket

What is the zygomatic

Upper cheek

What is the mandible

Lower jaw

What is the nasal

Bridge of the nose

What is the maxillae

Upper jaw 2 bones

What are the neckbones

Hyoid and Cervical vertebrae

What does the hyoid do

Supports the muscles of the tongue

What are the 4 back chest and shoulder bones

The clavicle, which is the collarbone The scapula which is the shoulder bone The sternum which is the chest Bone The thoracic vertebrae which is the spine

What are the 6 arm wrist and hand bones

Radius which controls the thumb Metacarpals which formed the palm of the hand Phalanges which control the fingers Humorous which is the largest bone of the upper arm Carpals eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist Ulna which controls the pinky

What is myology

Study of the structure function and disease of the muscles

How many muscles does the body have

Over 500

What percentage of the body weight do muscles contribute to

40%

What are the four functions of the muscular system

Movement Attachment Protection Shape

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Striated Non-striated Cardiac

What is the striated muscle

Voluntary, response to command

Non-striated muscle

Involuntary response automatically to control body functions of internal organs

Cardiac

Involuntary, muscle of the heart itself, the only muscle of its type in the body

In front of

Posterior

Behind or in back of

Superioris

Located above or is larger

Inferioris

Located below or is smaller

Levator

Lifts up

Depressor

Draws down

Dilator

Opens, enlarges or expands

What are the three parts of the muscle

Origin Insertion Belly

What is the insertion

The portion of muscle joined to removable attachment, bones, movable muscles or skin. This is the starting point in massage

What is the origin

Non-moving fixed portion, attached to bones or to other fixed muscle

What is the belly

Midsection of the muscle between two attached sections

What are tendons

Fibrous tissue that attaches the muscle to the bone allowing bones to move

What are ligaments

Strong bands of fibrous tissue that connects bones to each other, such as in the knees

Where should you start the massage on the muscle

Insertion point

What are the three scalp muscles

The epicranius covers the scalp, contains 2 muscles, and is joined by the aponeurosis tendon. The two muscles inside the epicranius is the frontalis and the occipitalis

What does the frontalis do

Raises eyebrows

What does the occipitalis do

Draws the scalp back

What is the word that covers anything about the ear

Auricularis

What are the four eye and nose muscles

Corrugator Levator palpebrae superioris Orbicularis oculi Procerus

What does the corrugator do

Draws eyebrows in and down

What does the levator palpebrae superioris do

Raises eyelid

What does the orbicularis oculi do

Closes eyelid

What does the procerus do

Draws the brow down

Oris orbicularis

Circles the mouth, responsible for kissing or whistling

Quadratus labii superioris

Consist of three parts, located in the upper lip, raises the nostrils in the upper lip, expresses distaste

Risorius

Located at the corner of the mouth, drowse mouth up to grin

Quadratus labii inferioris

Located below the lower lip, Pause the lower lip down or to the side to express sarcasm

Caninus

Located above the corners of the mouth, raises angle of the mouth as in snarling

Mentalis

Located at the tip of the chin, push his lower lip up and wrinkles chin as in expressing doubt

Triangularis

Located below the corners of the mouth, draws corners of the mouth down as an expressing sadness

Buccinator

Located between the jaws and the cheek, responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly as in blowing

Zygomaticus

Located outside the corners of the mouth, draws the mouth up and back as in laughing, consists of the zygomaticus major and minor

What are the two mastication muscles

Temporalis and Masseter

What does the temporalis do

Open and close the jar to chew a.k.a. mastication

What does the masseter do

Aids in closing the jaw to chew

5.1 and 5.2A Flashcards

(78 cards)