5.2B Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What are the four neck and back muscles
A
Platysma
Sternocleido mastoideus
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
2
Q
What does the platysma do
A
Depresses the lower jaw and lip
3
Q
What does the sternocleido mastoideus do
A
Causes to head to move from side to side and up-and-down
4
Q
What do the trapezius and latissimus dorsi do
A
They draw the head back, rotate shoulder blades and control swinging of the arm
5
Q
Where is the deltoid
A
Top of the shoulder
6
Q
Where is the serratus anterior And what does it do
A
Underneath the latissimus dorsi
it helps lift the arm and aids in breathing
7
Q
What does the supinator do
A
It turns the palm up
8
Q
What does the pronator do
A
It turns the palm down word and Inward
9
Q
Where is the flexor and what does it do
A
The flexor is located on the outside of the forearm
Bends wrists and closes fingers
10
Q
Where is the extensor and what does it do
A
Located on the top and inner part of the forearm
Straightens fingers and wrist
11
Q
What does the abductor do
A
Separates fingers
12
Q
What does the adductor do
A
Draws fingers together
13
Q
What does the opponens do
A
Gives the ability to grasp or make a fist
14
Q
What is another word for the circulatory system
A
The vascular system
15
Q
What does the circulatory system do
A
Controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body
16
Q
What are the two interrelated systems of the circulatory system
A
Cardiovascular a.k.a. blood vascular
Lymph vascular
17
Q
What system is responsible for the circulation of blood
A
The cardiovascular circulatory system
18
Q
What are the four parts of the cardiovascular system
A
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
19
Q
What system does the cardiovascular system combine with to maintain circulation
A
Lymph vascular system
20
Q
What are the four chambers of the heart
A
Upper right and left atrium and lower right and left ventricle
21
Q
What is a normal heart rate
A
60 to 80 times per minute
22
Q
What is the membrane that encases the heart
A
Pericardium
23
Q
What are the four things that blood is made up of
A
Read corpuscles
White corpuscles
Platelets
Plasma
24
Q
What is another name for red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes a.k.a. red corpuscles
25
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin
26
What does hemoglobin do
Attracts oxygen through oxygenation
27
What color is oxygen rich blood
Bright red as opposed to a deep scarlet red which is oxygen poor blood
28
What is another name for the white blood cell
Leukocytes a.k.a. white corpuscles
29
What do leukocytes do
Fight bacteria and other foreign substances
30
What is another word for the blood platelets
Thrombocytes
31
What do thrombocytes do
Thrombocytes a.k.a. blood platelets are responsible for clotting blood
32
What is plasma
The Fluid part of blood And is about 90% water
33
What does plasma do
Carries RBC, WBC and blood platelets through the body
34
Name the blood vessels from largest to smallest
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
35
Do arteries carry blood away or to the heart
Away
36
Do arteries carry pure blood that is bright red or impure blood that is dark red
Arteries carry pure blood that is bright red away from the heart
37
Describe the artery size
They are tubular, elastic and thick walled
38
Do veins carry blood away from or to the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart from the capillaries
39
Do veins carry pure blood that is bright red or in pure blood that is dark red
Veins carry impure blood that is dark red in color to the heart
40
Describe the size of veins
Tubular, elastic, thin walled
41
What are the two branching vessels of the heart
Arteries and veins
42
What is the primary functions of the capillaries
They take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to the cells
They take waste from the cells to the veins
43
Describe the size of capillaries
Small vessels
44
What is systemic or general circulation
The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
45
How does oxygen depleted blood enter the heart
Oxygen depleted blood enters through the right atrium AKA the right auricle of the heart through the superior vena cava
46
After entering the superior vena cava what happens next to the blood
The blood is in pump through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
47
How many arteries and veins are there in the face head and neck
9
48
What are the different types of arteries in the face head and neck
```
Carotid
Occipital
Auricular
Temporal
Maxillary
Jugular
```
49
What are the two arteries and veins in the face had a neck that have both an internal and external
Carotid and jugular
50
Where are the carotid arteries located
On either side of the neck
51
What does the internal carotid artery do
Supplies blood to the brain eyes and forehead
52
What does the external carotid artery do
It’s supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the head
53
How does all the blood from the head face and neck return
Through the internal and external jugular veins
54
What are the four smaller arteries of the external carotid artery
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
External maxillary
55
Where does the occipital artery supply blood
To the back of the head up to the crown
56
Where does the posterior auricular supply blood
To the scalp above and behind the ears
57
Where does the superficial temporal supply blood
To the sides and top of the head
58
Where does the external maxillary supply blood
To the lower portion of the face including the mouth and nose
59
How many lymph nodes are there in the body
Over 100
60
What are the two primary roles of the lymph node
Filter out toxic substances
| Add antibodies to the fluid
61
What is the study of the nervous system
Neurology
62
What are the three subsystems of the nervous system
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
63
What is another word for the central nervous system
Cerebrospinal
64
What are the three primary components of the nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
65
How much does the brain weigh
44-48 oz
66
What does the cerebrum manage and where is it
Mental activity
| Upper front of the cranium
67
What does the cerebellum manage and where is it
Muscle movement
| Occipital area below the cerebrum
68
What do the pons manage and where is it
Connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column
| Below the cerebrum and in front of the cerebellum
69
What does the medulla oblongata manage and where is it
Connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column
| Below the pons
70
What are the four major parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
71
What is responsible for all voluntary and involuntary body actions
The central nervous system
72
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the spinal cord
31
73
Where does the peripheral nervous system extend nerves too
Voluntary muscles of the body and to the surface of the skin
74
What are the six systems that the autonomic nervous system controls
```
Respiratory
Excretory
Digestive
Reproductive
Endocrine
Circulatory
```
75
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for
All involuntary body functions such as breathing blinking sweating and digesting
76
What are the two subsystems of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
| Parasympathetic
77
What does the sympathetic nervous system do
Accelerates heart rate
Constricts blood vessels
Raises blood pressure
78
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do
Slows the heart rate
Dilates blood vessels
Lowers blood pressure
79
What is homeostasis
The state of balance achieved through the opposing functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
80
What are three assistants of the nerve cells
Dendrites
Axons
Synapses
81
What are dendrites
Short fibers that extend from nerve cells to receive messages from adjacent neurons
82
What are the synapses
The bridge across which nerve impulses pass
83
What Is the function of the axons
The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons muscles and glands
84
What do nerves do
Nerves or nerve tissues carry information to and from the brain
85
What are the three types of nerves classified by the direction
Sensory a.k.a. afferent
Motor a.k.a. efferent
Mixed
86
Or sensory nerves afferent or efferent
Afferent
87
What do sensory/ afferent nerves do
Carrie messages to the brain and spinal cord
Determine the sense of smell site touch hearing and taste
88
What do motor/efferent nerves do
Carry messages from the brain to the muscles
| Receive messages from the brain and cause the muscles to contract or expand
89
What do mixed nerves do
Perform both sensory and motor functions
90
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12
91
Where do cranial nerves originate from
Brain
92
What do cranial nerves do
They connect the brain with other parts of the body such as the face head and neck
93
What is the olfactory nerve
Sense of smell
94
What is the optic nerve
Sense of sight
95
What is the oculomotor nerve
Motion of the eye
96
What is the trochlear nerve
Motion of the eye
97
What is the trifacial nerve
Sensations of face tongue and teeth
98
What is the abducent nerve
Motion of the eye
99
What are the three nerves associated with motion of the eye
Oculomoter
Trochlear
Abducent
100
What is the acoustic nerve
Sense of hearing
101
What is the glossopharyngeal nerve
Sense of taste
102
What is the Vagus nerve
Motion of the ear pharynx larynx heart lungs and esophagus
103
What is the accessory nerve
Motion of neck muscles
104
What is the hypoglossal nerve
Motion of the tongue
105
What number in the cranial nerves is the Tri facial nerve
5th
106
What is the chief sensory nerve of the face
The trifacial nerve
107
What nerve transmits Facial sensations to the brain
Trifacial nerve
108
What are the three main nerves off of the trifacial nerve
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
109
What is the primary motor nerve of the face
The facial nerve which is the seventh cranial
110
What are the primary nerves in the arm and hand
Radial
Digital
Ulnar
Median
111
Where is the median nerve
It extends down the middle forearm into the hand
