5.1 antibiotics I Flashcards
(24 cards)
two main uses of antibiotics
treatment and prophylaxis
treatment – antibiotic definition
to stop the progress of microbial infections by killing or inhibiting further growth of the infecting microbe.
prophylaxis – antibiotic definition
before surgery, or to protect individuals that are exposed to other high risk of infection
what was the first chemical to be synthesized that had useful antibacterial properties aqnd when was it synthesized `
compound 6061909
what was compound 606 used to treat
syphilis
natural products have anti-bacterial properties – what are examples of natural antibiotics
streptomyces or bacillus species.
what do streptomyces / bacillus species do to give off anti bacterial properties
they form endospores, leaving cells viable under harsh conditions. therefore they synthesize vital antibiotics that inhibit growth of other oganisms
what was the first discovered antibiotic
penicillin
how was penicillin discovered – who
alex fleming – returned from 2 week vacay to find mold grew as a contaminant on a plate cultured with staphylococci
– noticed that penicillin prevented the growth of staphylococci
many antibiotics are produced by what
streptomycetes
what was rhe first effective antibiotic against TB
streptomycin
antibiotics are secondary …
metabolites
antibiotics are not essential for..
growth or propagation
antibiotics are produced during.,
slower part of growth phase / or when cells are under stress
altered chemicals are referred to..
as 2nd, 3rd, .. to 5th generation antibiotics
what is an example of altercation for antibiotics (soluble vs insolube)
chemists add hydrophilic compounds to generate more soluble molecule while still retaining its antibiotic activity.
what do the beta lactam ring
act to block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the trans peptide linkage in peptidoglycan
penicillin G and V structural differences..
enabled pen G to be injected while Pen V to be taken orally. – these penicillins are no longer useful
methicillin
no longer useful – MRSA
what does MRSA stand for
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
ampicillin and amoxcillin single difference
still work
hydroxide group
– is sufficient enough to alter antimicrobial activity.
ampicillin administered in what way
given by injection
amoxcillin administered what way
orally
ideal antibiotics should ..
– be highly toxic to many pathogens but not to host
– not select resistant mutant within pathogen population
– not induce hypersensitivity to host
– not eliminate the host’s normal flora
– have rapid and extensive distribution to and within tissues
– stay active long enough to do its job
– be deliverable both orally and by injection
