5.1: Photosynthesis Flashcards

Question

What is NADP and NADPH2

Answer 1

co-enzymes

Answer 2

NOT an enzyme and NOT made of amino acids they are molecules that are required for an enzyme to be functional

Answer 3

ATP NADPH2 (reduced NADP) Oxygen (byproduct)

Answer 4

light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll which excites electrons that then leave the chlorophyll molecule and pass to an electron acceptor

Answer 5

as the electrons (from the photoionisation of chlorophyll) pass along a series of electron carries, they lose energy -> this energy is used to synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi by chemiosmosis

Answer 6

As the electrons pass along a series of carriers they lose energy, this energy is used to pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid space, the protons accumulate producing a concentration gradient, these protons diffuse back into the stroma via ATP synthase, providing the energy to synthesis ATP from ADP + Pi

Answer 7

Photolysis involves the splitting of a water molecule to produce 2 protons, 2 electrons & half oxygen molecule The electrons pass to the chlorophyll molecule to replace the ones that have been lost from photoionisation The protons are used to reduce NADP the oxygen is released as a by-product

Answer 8

the electrons from the photoionisation of chlorophyll and the protons from the photolysis of water are used to reduce NADP to NADPH2

Answer 9

carbohydrate - triose phosphate NADP, ADP +Pi

Answer 10

turning inorganic C compounds into organic C compounds

Answer 11

1- Carbon fixation 2- Reduction 3- Regeneration

Answer 12

Reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP catalysed by the enzyme rubisco, forms 2 x glycerate 3-phosphate (GP)

Answer 13

2 x GP are reduced to 2 x triose phosphate (TP) requires 2 NADPH2 and 2ATP from LDR 2 NADPH2 oxidised to 2 NADP 2ATP forms 2 ADP + Pi

Answer 14

1/6 of the TP leaves the cycle and is converted into useful organic substances: glucose + other carbohydrates, amino acids + proteins (require N for nitrates), glycerol, fatty acids + lipids

Answer 15

After 1/6 of the TP leaves the cycle, the rest (5/6 of the TP) form RuBP using ATP, forming ADP (Pi is not formed as it is used to form the RuBP from the 'RuP')

Answer 16

RuBP - 5 GP - 3 TP - 3

Answer 17

RuBP - 2 GP - 1 TP - 1

Answer 18

In the Calvin cycle in the LIDR, GP requires ATP and NADPH2 to be reduced to TP, but ATP and NADPH2 are only provided from the LDR, as there is no light, the LDR cannot occur and therefore the GP concentration increases. As RuBP is formed from TP in the calvin cycle, and for TP to be formed, the LDR is necessary, the concentration of RuBP goes down to zero, as any RuBP would react with CO2 (catalysed by rubisco) to form GP (hence the increasing concentration of GP)

Answer 19

In the Calvin cycle in the LIDR, RuBP reacts with CO2 (catalysed by rubisco) to form GP, but as there is no CO2 to react with, the RuBP remains as RuBP (hence the increasing concentration), and therefore GP cannot be produced (hence the GP concentration going down to zero)

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide from aerobic respiration is being used for P.S.

Answer 21

when the rate of photosynthesis = rate of respiration (at dawn/dusk) - therefore no net gas exchange

Answer 22

1- Draw pencil line of origin on chromatography paper using ruler 2- use capillary tube to add chlorophyll solution to origin 3- Add solvent until just BELOW line of origin 4- Remove chromatography paper (from glassware) before solvent reaches end of chromatography paper

Answer 23

with ink, the ink and leaf pigments would mix

Answer 24

light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll which excites electrons that then leave the chlorophyll molecule and pass to an electron acceptor. as the electrons (from the photoionisation of chlorophyll) pass along a series of electron carries, they lose energy -> this energy is used to synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi by chemiosmosis - As the electrons pass along a series of carriers they lose energy, this energy is used to pump protons from the stroma into the thylakoid space, the protons accumulate producing a concentration gradient, these protons diffuse back into the stroma via ATP synthase, providing the energy to synthesis ATP from ADP + Pi. Photolysis of water involves the splitting of a water molecule (from the absorption of light energy) to produce 2 protons, 2 electrons & half oxygen molecule The electrons pass to the chlorophyll molecule to replace the ones that have been lost from photoionisation the electrons from the photoionisation of chlorophyll and the protons from the photolysis of water are used to reduce NADP to NADPH2

Answer 25

Reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP catalysed by the enzyme rubisco, forms 2 x glycerate 3-phosphate (GP). 2 x GP are reduced to 2 x triose phosphate (TP) requires 2 NADPH2 and 2ATP from LDR 2 NADPH2 oxidised to 2 NADP 2ATP forms 2 ADP + Pi. 1/6 of the TP leaves the cycle and is converted into useful organic substances: glucose + other carbohydrates, amino acids + proteins (require N for nitrates), glycerol, fatty acids + lipids. After 1/6 of the TP leaves the cycle, the rest (5/6 of the TP) form RuBP using ATP, forming ADP (Pi is not formed as it is used to form the RuBP from the 'RuP')

Answer 26

Light dependent reaction Light independent reaction

5.1: Photosynthesis Flashcards

(50 cards)