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HL Biology > Topic 5.3: Classification of Biodiversity > Flashcards

Topic 5.3: Classification of Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Define binomial system of nomenclature

A

The binomial system of nomenclature is the formal system by which all living species are classified (taxonomy)

According to the binomial system of nomenclature, every organism is designated a scientific name with two parts:

Genus is written first and is capitalised (e.g. Homo)
Species follows and is written in lower case (e.g. Homo sapiens)

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2
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

eukarya, archaea, eubacteria

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3
Q

Define eukarya

A

Eukarya – eukaryotic organisms that contain a membrane-bound nucleus (includes protist, plants, fungi and animals)

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4
Q

Define archaea

A

Archaea – prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the extremophiles (e.g. methanogens, thermophiles, etc.)

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5
Q

Define eubacteria

A

Eubacteria – prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the common pathogenic forms (e.g. E. coli, S. aureus, etc.)

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6
Q

Define taxonomy

A

Taxonomy is the science involved with classifying groups of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics

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7
Q

What are the 7 taxa in order?

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

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8
Q

What is the classification of a human?

A

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primate

Family: Hominidae

Genus: Homo

Species: sapiens

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9
Q

Describe bryophta

A

Has no vascularisation (i.e. lacks xylem and phloem)
Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)
Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)
Examples include mosses and liverworts

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10
Q

Describe filicinophyta

A

Has vascularisation (i.e xylem and phloem)
Have leaves, roots and stems (leaves are pinnate – consisting of large fronds divided into leaflets)
Reproduce by releasing spores from clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves
Examples include ferns

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11
Q

Describe coniferophyta

A

Has vascularisation
Have leaves, roots and stems (stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like)
Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones
Examples include pine trees and conifers

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12
Q

Define angiospermophyta

A

Has vascularisation
Have leaves, roots and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure)
Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers (seeds may develop in fruits)
Examples include all flowering plants and grasses

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13
Q

Which phylum of plants Has no vascularisation (i.e. lacks xylem and phloem)?

A

Bryophyta

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14
Q

Which phylum of plants Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)?

A

Bryophyta

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15
Q

Which phylum of plants Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)?

A

Bryophyta

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16
Q

Which phylum of plants Examples include mosses and liverworts
?

A

Bryophyta

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17
Q

Which phylum of plants Has vascularisation (i.e xylem and phloem)?

A

Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta, Angiospermophyta

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18
Q

Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (leaves are pinnate – consisting of large fronds divided into leaflets)?

A

Filicinophyta

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19
Q

Which phylum of plants Reproduce by releasing spores from clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves?

A

Filicinophyta

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20
Q

Which phylum of plants Examples include ferns?

A

Filicinophyta

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21
Q

Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like)?

A

Coniferophyta

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22
Q

Which phylum of plants Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones?

A

Coniferophyta

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23
Q

Which phylum of plants Examples include pine trees and conifers?

A

Coniferophyta

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24
Q

Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure)?

A

Angiospermophyta

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25
Q

Which phylum of plants Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers (seeds may develop in fruits)?

A

Angiospermophyta

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26
Q

Which phylum of plants Examples include all flowering plants and grasses?

A

Angiospermophyta

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27
Q

Describe porifera

A

No body symmetry (asymmetrical)
No mouth or anus (have pores to facilitate the circulation of material)
May have silica or calcium carbonate based spicules for structural support
Examples include sea sponges

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28
Q

Describe cnidaria

A

Have radial symmetry
Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
May have tentacles with stinging cells for capturing and disabling prey
Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral

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29
Q

Describe platyhelmintha

A

Have bilateral symmetry
Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic
Examples include tapeworms and planaria

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30
Q

Describe annelida

A

Have bilateral symmetry
Have a separate mouth and anus
Body composed of ringed segments with specialisation of segments
Examples include earthworms and leeches

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31
Q

Describe mollusca

A

Have bilaterial symmetry
Have a separate mouth and anus
Body composed of a visceral mass, a muscular foot and a mantle (may produce shell)
Examples include snails, slugs, octopi, squid and bivalves (e.g. clams)

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32
Q

Describe anthropoda

A

Have bilateral symmetry
Have a separate mouth and anus
Have jointed body sections / appendages and have a hard exoskeleton (chitin)
Examples include insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and centipedes

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33
Q

Describe chordata

A

Have bilateral symmetry
Have a separate mouth and anus
Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube for at least some period of their life cycle
Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (also invertebrate sea squirts)

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34
Q

What phylum of animalia No body symmetry (asymmetrical)?

A

Porifera

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35
Q

What phylum of animalia No mouth or anus (have pores to facilitate the circulation of material)?

A

Porifera

36
Q

What phylum of animalia May have silica or calcium carbonate based spicules for structural support?

A

Porifera

37
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include sea sponges?

A

Porifera

38
Q

What phylum of animalia Have radial symmetry?

A

Cnidaria

39
Q

What phylum of animalia Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)?

A

Cnidaria, Platyhelmintha

40
Q

What phylum of animalia May have tentacles with stinging cells for capturing and disabling prey?

A

Cnidaria

41
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral?

A

Cnidaria

42
Q

What phylum of animalia Have bilateral symmetry?

A

Platyhelmintha, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

43
Q

What phylum of animalia Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic?

A

Platyhelmintha

44
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include tapeworms and planaria?

A

Platyhelmintha

45
Q

What phylum of animalia Have a separate mouth and anus?

A

Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

46
Q

What phylum of animalia Body composed of ringed segments with specialisation of segments?

A

Annelida

47
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include earthworms and leeches?

A

Annelida

48
Q

What phylum of animalia Body composed of a visceral mass, a muscular foot and a mantle (may produce shell)?

A

Mollusca

49
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include snails, slugs, octopi, squid and bivalves (e.g. clams)?

A

Mollusca

50
Q

What phylum of animalia Have jointed body sections / appendages and have a hard exoskeleton (chitin)?

A

Arthropoda

51
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and centipedes?

A

Arthropoda

52
Q

What phylum of animalia Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube for at least some period of their life cycle?

A

Chordata

53
Q

What phylum of animalia Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (also invertebrate sea squirts)?

A

Chordata

54
Q

Describe fish

A

Covered in scales made out of bony plates in the skin
Reproduce via external fertilisation (egg and sperm released into the environment)
Breathe through gills that are covered with an operculum
Does not maintain a constant internal body temperature (ectothermic)

55
Q

Describe amphibians

A

Moist skin, permeable to gases and water
Reproduce via external fertilisation (usually spend larval state in water, adult state on land)
Can breathe through skin but also possess simple lungs
Do not maintain a constant internal body temperature (ectothermic)

56
Q

Describe reptiles

A

Covered in scales made out of keratin
Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with soft shells
Breathe through lungs that have extensive folding (increases SA:Vol ratio)
Do not maintain a constant internal body temperature (ectothermic)

57
Q

Describe birds

A

Covered in feathers (made out of keratin)
Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with hard shells
Breathe through lungs with parabronchial tubes
Maintain a constant internal body temperature (endothermic)

58
Q

Describe mammals

A

Skin has follicles which produce hair made out of keratin
Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females feed young with milk from mammary glands
Breathe through lungs with alveoli
Maintain a constant internal body temperature (endothermic)

59
Q

What chordate of animalia Covered in scales made out of bony plates in the skin?

A

Fish

60
Q

What chordate of animalia Reproduce via external fertilisation (egg and sperm released into the environment)?

A

Fish

61
Q

What chordate of animalia Breathe through gills that are covered with an operculum?

A

Fish

62
Q

What chordate of animalia Does not maintain a constant internal body temperature (ectothermic)?

A

Fish, Amphibian, Reptiles

63
Q

What chordate of animalia Moist skin, permeable to gases and water?

A

Amphibian

64
Q

What chordate of animalia Reproduce via external fertilisation (usually spend larval state in water, adult state on land)?

A

Amphibian

65
Q

What chordate of animalia Can breathe through skin but also possess simple lungs?

A

Amphibian

66
Q

What chordate of animalia Covered in scales made out of keratin?

A

Reptiles

67
Q

What chordate of animalia Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with soft shells?

A

Reptiles

68
Q

What chordate of animalia Breathe through lungs that have extensive folding (increases SA:Vol ratio)?

A

Reptiles

69
Q

What chordate of animalia Covered in feathers (made out of keratin)?

A

Birds

70
Q

What chordate of animalia Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with hard shells?

A

Birds

71
Q

What chordate of animalia Breathe through lungs with parabronchial tubes?

A

Birds

72
Q

What chordate of animalia Maintain a constant internal body temperature (endothermic)?

A

Birds, Mammals

73
Q

What chordate of animalia Skin has follicles which produce hair made out of keratin?

A

Mammals

74
Q

What chordate of animalia Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females feed young with milk from mammary glands?

A

Mammals

75
Q

What chordate of animalia Breathe through lungs with alveoli?

A

Mammals

76
Q

Define dichotomous key

A

A dichotomous key is a method of identification whereby groups of organisms are divided into two categories repeatedly

77
Q

Which domain(s) have membrane lipids with branched hydrocarbons?

A

Archae

78
Q

Which domain(s) have circular chromosomes?

A

Archae and Bacteria

79
Q

Which domain(s) lack nuclear envelopes?

A

Archae and Bacteria

80
Q

Which domain(s) lack membrane bound organelles?

A

Archae and Bacteria

81
Q

Which domain(s) have methionine as the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis?

A

Archae and Eukarya

82
Q

Which domain(s) lack peptidoglycan in the cell wall?

A

Archae and Eukarya

83
Q

Which domain(s) have where growth is not inhibited by streptomycin and chloramphenicol?

A

Archae and Eukarya

84
Q

Which domain(s) have DNA associated with histones?

A

Archae and Eukarya

85
Q

Which domain(s) contain several types of RNA polymerase?

A

Archae and Eukarya

HL Biology (66 decks)

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