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Peds (Josh) > T3 - Blueprint 1 (Josh) > Flashcards

T3 - Blueprint 1 (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

Parent education for Asthmatic child?

A

Remove animals (at least from bedroom)

Remove bedroom carpets

Avoid upholstery

Wash bedding in hot water (>130 degrees)

Reduce humidity (

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2
Q

When should the ED be visited w/ Asthma?

A

if condition hasn’t gotten better in 30 mins

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3
Q

Foods to avoid w/ peds b/c they can get lodged in airways.

A

Hot dogs

Nuts

Grapes

Veggie pieces

Popcorn

Peanut Butter

Gum

Hard Candy

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4
Q

S/S of Strep Pharyngitis

A

most are viral

sudden onset of sore throat/fever

headache

ABDOMINAL PAIN

vomiting

POSS RASH (sandpaper)

Lymphandenopathy (neck)

Neck Pain

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5
Q

In Peds, the focus is on —

In Adults, the focus is on —

A

airways

cardio

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6
Q

How do peds airways differ from adults?

A

NO alveoli until 8 or 9 years old

Short, more narrow airways from trachea to bronchioles (4 vs. 20 mm)

Trachea is shorter, angle of the right bronchus at bifurcation is more acute

Smaller nasopharynx

Lymph tissue grows rapidly until age 12, then atrophies

Smaller nares

Smaller oral cavity and large tongue–risk for obstructino

Long, floppy epiglottis vulnerable to swelling

Larynx and glottis higher in neck; risk of aspiration

Thyroid/cricoid/tracheal cartilage are immature and can collapse

Few muscles functional in airway

Large amounts of soft tissues and loosely anchored mucus–risk of edema and obstruction

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7
Q

How should the tympanic membrane appear?

A

tansluscent

slightly pink or gray

light reflex (cone-shaped) that points away from face

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8
Q

S/S of acute LTB

A

Slow onset

‘Crowing sounds’

Occurs at night

Slight fever

URI’s precede it

Inspiratory stridor

Retractions

Restlessness

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9
Q

If severe, Epiglottitis may require — to open the airway.

A

intubation

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10
Q

Early S/S of Bronchiolitis.

A

URI w/ fever

Sneezing

Rhinorrhea

Coughing

Anorexia

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11
Q

When are oral fluids encouraged w/ LTB (croup)?

A

if RR is under 60

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12
Q

What characteristic sign will be seen in the X-ray for Epiglottitis?

A

‘Thumb sign’

  • must take lateral xray to see
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13
Q

What is miconeum ileus?

A

GI symptom of CF

  • thick, puttylike mucilaginous meconium blocks the lumen of the small intestine
  • gives rise to intestinal obstruction
  • causes dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
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14
Q

GI system S/S of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Early:
- Meconium ileus

Late:
- large, bulky frothy, foul-smelling stools,

  • increased appetite early in disease (w/ no weight gain),
  • decreased appetite–later,
  • failure to grow and anemia,
  • fat soluble vitamin deficiency,
  • thin extremities and tissue wasting
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15
Q

What kind of diet does CF client need?

A

high protein, high calorie (150% of normal daily value)

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16
Q

LTB starts out as —

A

simple URI for 1-2 days

  • then infection descends
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17
Q

Respiratory system S/S of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Early:

  • wheezing
  • dry/nonproductive cough

Late:

  • dyspnea
  • paroxysmal cough
  • obstructive emphysema
  • patchy areas of atelactasis
  • frequent pulmonary infections
  • overinflated, barrel chest
  • cyanosis
  • digital clubbing
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18
Q

Swimmer’s ear is — and is an inflammation of skin of ear canal

A

Otitis Externa

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19
Q

Why is tachycardia a sign of Asthma?

A

heart is speeding up to try to get the O2 to the tissues that have been deprived due to decreased ventilation

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20
Q

Meds for Asthma that inhibit release of Leukotrienes.

A

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

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21
Q

T/F: Epiglottitis is a true medical emergency.

A

True

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22
Q

Which antibiotic is often used w/ Epiglottitis?

A

Methyprednisone

corticosteroid to help w/ inflammation

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23
Q

Croup is AKA —

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

  • inflammation of larynx, trachea, and large bronchi
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24
Q

— are the first line of asthma therapy for children under 5.

A

Corticosteroids

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25
Q

The greater the distress, the — the retractions.

A

higher in the body

  • ex: substernal less serious than supraclavicular
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26
Q

Treatment for Strep Pharyngitis

A

Oral Penicillin G for 10 days

Erythromycin (if allergic to -cillin)

Warm or Cool compress to neck

Warm saline gargles

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27
Q

– are rescue meds for asthma

– are prevention meds for asthma

A

SABA

LABA

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28
Q

SABA examples:

A

Albuterol

Levalbuterol

Terbutaline

29
Q

Instructions for Metered Dose Inhaler

A

Shake inhaler

Attach spacer

Tilt head back slightly and breathe out slowly

Insert the mouthpiece

At end of normal expiration, depress inhaler firmly and breathe slowly (3-5 secs)

Hold breath 5-10 secs

Remove inhaler and breathe out slowly THRU NOSE

Wait 1 MIN b/t puffs

30
Q

Treatment for Acute Otitis Media

A

Antibiotics for 10 days

  • pull the pinna down and back
  • as you grow UP, you pull UP
31
Q

GI meds for CF

A

Pancreatic enzymes (pancrelipase)

Vitamens

GoLYTELY

Motility meds for GERD

32
Q

— is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.

A

Asthma

33
Q

LABA examples:

A

Salmeterol

  • twice a day for long-term prevention
  • not for kids
34
Q

How common is RSV?

A

95% of kids have had it by age 3

  • winter and early spring happens most
35
Q

Strep Pharyngitis is a —

A

URI

36
Q

How is celiac’s disease confirmed?

A

biopsy of small intestine

37
Q

Corticosteroids for Asthma

A

Budesonide

Fluticasone

Methylprednisolone

Prednisone

38
Q

Which controller med requires you to check the blood annually?

A

Theophylline

39
Q

What is the NSAID drug for Asthma?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

  • given via nebulizer of MDI
  • minimal S/E
  • Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators
40
Q

Which position is preferred w/ Epiglottitis?

A

upright tripod position (chin out and mouth open)

41
Q

What should we remember about Asthmatics?

A

beware the silent asthmatic

42
Q

A history of otitis media and hearing difficulties can cause —

A

tonsilitis

43
Q

What ages is LTB most common?

A

3 mths - 3 yrs

44
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

KADE

  • not absorbed w/ CF
45
Q

Education for Controller meds for Asthma

A

Same time everyday

Take even if no symptoms (don’t stop taking if feeling better)

46
Q

Examples of Controller meds for Asthma

A

Fluticasone

Budesonide

Theophylline (for night symptoms)

47
Q

Treatments for tonsilitis

A

Tonsilectomy (palatine tonsils)

Adenoidectomy (pharygeal tonsils)

48
Q

— is the hallmark sign of Epiglottitis.

A

Drooling

49
Q

In – –, exocrine gland dysfunction leads to increased mucous production.

A

cystic fibrosis

50
Q

Early symptoms of LTB

A

brassy, barking cough

stridor

51
Q

What physiological trait leads to kids having ear infections?

A

eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal

52
Q

When is irrigation of ear to clean out foreign body contraindicated?

A

if a vegetable or pasta b/c they’ll swell w/ water

53
Q

– results from sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in grains.

A

Celiac Disease

54
Q

Epiglottiis is caused by —

A

H flu B

55
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

severe condition when asthma attacks follow one after another

  • emergency
56
Q

— is a lower respiratory tract infection.

A

Bronchiolitis (RSV)

57
Q

Which diagnostic tests for CF?

A

Sweat Chloride Test

  • Normal = 40
  • CF in infants = > 60
  • CF in other ages = > 40
58
Q

Later S/S of Bronchiolitis (ie: after a few days, what will you see)

A

Rapid respirations and retractions

CHOKING COUGH

FROTHY MUCOUS

Nasal flaring

Rales, Rhonchi

Prolonged expiratory wheeze

Decreased intake in infants

59
Q

— is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the small cartilidge ‘lid’ that cover the windpipe swells, blocking air flow into lungs

A

Epiglottitis

  • not seen as much b/c of Hib vaccine
60
Q

What is the classic sign of LTB?

A

inspiratory stridor

61
Q

Clinical manifestations of Asthma

A

Wheezing (sometimes rhonchi)

Coughing (hacking, nonproductive cough that progresses to frothy, gelatinous sputum)

Dyspnea

Prolonged expiration

62
Q

CF Stools:

A

4 F’s

  • Fat containing
  • Frothy
  • Float (due to fat content)
  • Foul smelling
63
Q

Respiratory meds for CF.

A

SABA (albuterol)

Anticholinergics (ipratropium)

Combo (fluticasone/salmaterol)

Human Deoxyribonuclease (breaks down mucous)

Penacillin antibiotics

Genatmycin and Tobramycin

64
Q

Risk factors for Otitis Media

A

Common in first 24 months of life and then again during school (5-6 years old)–infrequently after age 7

Common in winter months and homes with second-hand smoke

Common in: down syndrome, cleft lip/palate

Lower risk in infants who are breastfed

65
Q

– – is an IV drug for Asthma that is used in ED as muscle relaxer to decrease inflammation.

A

Magnesium Sulfate

66
Q

— are given during acute asthma episodes to block bronchospasm.

A

Anticholinergics

  • Atropine
  • Ipratroprium (dry mouth!!)
67
Q

T/F: In mild croup, there is slight stridor at rest.

A

False

  • no stridor at rest in mild croup
68
Q

— is a collection of fluid in the middle ear, but NO infection.

A

Otitis Media Effusion

Peds (Josh) (41 decks)

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