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First Aid 2016 - Bolu > FA 2016 279-284 > Flashcards

FA 2016 279-284 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ANP released from?

A

Atrial Myocytes

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2
Q

What is the function of Atrial Naturetic Peptide

A

constrict the efferent arterioles and dilate affrerent arterioles promoting dieresis in response to increase BP

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3
Q

What contributes to Aldosterone Escape Mechanism?

A

ANP

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4
Q

what is released from ventricular myocyte in response to increase tension?

A

BNP

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5
Q

what is used for diagnosing HF?

A

BNP (Very good negative predictive value)

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6
Q

what is the recombinant form of BNP for treating HF?

A

Nesiritide.

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7
Q

aortic arch receptors is transmitted via what nerve?

A

vagus

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8
Q

carotid sinus receptors is transmitted via what nerve?

A

Glossophrangeal nerve

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9
Q

What take the stimulus from CN9 & CN10 to the medulla?

A

Sensory Afferent Fibers

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10
Q

what part of the medulla do the sensory afferent fibers take the stimulus to?

A

solitary nucleus of Tractus

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11
Q

what is the triad of the cushing reaction?

A

Hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory depression

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12
Q

In a chemoreceptor, what 3 things stimulates aortic arch and carotid sinus?

A

Inc 02, dec C02 AND dec pH (acidic)

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13
Q

what part of the body does not directly respond to p02?

A

Brain

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14
Q

Pulmonary Capillary pressure is a good estimator of

A

LAP

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15
Q

Measured with a right heart Catheter?

A

PCWP

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16
Q

PCWP>LVDP in what disease?

A

mitral stenosis

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17
Q

what factors is responsible for Autoregulation in the heart?

A

Adenosine, NO, Co2 and dec 02

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18
Q

What amino acid makes NO?

A

arginine

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19
Q

what factor is responsible for auto regulation in the brain?

A

C02

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20
Q

What factor is responsible for auto regulation in skeletal muscles

A

CHALK ( c02, H+, Adenosine, Lactate, K+)

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21
Q

auto regulation in the skin

A

Sympathetic stimulation (most important) temp control

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22
Q

what are the causes of EDEMA?

A

inc capillary pressure (e.g HF)
dec Plasma protein (e.g Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure & protein malnutrition)
inc capillary permeability (e.g toxins, infection & burns)
increase interstitial fluid colloid pressure (inc lymphatic blockage)

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23
Q

what anomaly is due to the lack of the aorticopulmonary septum formation?

A

persistant truncus arteriosus

24
Q

patient with trunks arteriosus usually develop …..

A

VSD

25
Q

which of the following is not compatible with life unless a shunt is present?

A

transposition of the great vessels

26
Q

what anomaly is formed from the failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral?

A

Transposition of the great vessels.

27
Q

Without surgical intervention most infant die within few months of life

A

Transposition of Great vessels.

28
Q

Hypoplastic RV and require both ASD and VSD for viability?

A

Tricuspid atresia

29
Q

caused by anterior superior displacement of infundibular septum?

A

TOF

30
Q

Most common cause of Early Childhood cyanosis?

A

TOF

31
Q

what is the tetrad in TOF?

A

PROV(pulmonary stenosis(most important cause), RVH (boot shaped heart), Overriding of Aorta & VSD

32
Q

Improved by squatting

A

TOF

33
Q

most common cause of “tet Spells” caused by crying, fever and exercise

A

Pulmonary stenosis in TOF

34
Q

what anomaly is seen when pulmonary veins drains into right heart circulation and often associated with ASD & PDA to maintain Cardiac output.

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

35
Q

displacement of the tricuspid valve downward into the RV is called? and caused by what drug?

A

Epstein anomaly & Lithium

36
Q

Epstein Anomaly is associated with 2 things, what are they?

A

tricuspid regurgitation & RHF

37
Q

“ATRIALIZING” the ventricle is associated with what disease?

A

Epstein Anomaly.

38
Q

Most common congenital Cardiac Defect?

A

VSD

39
Q

Associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

VSD

40
Q

Wide fixed split S2 and loud S1

A

ASD

41
Q

what is the most common type of ASD

A

Osmium secundumm defect

42
Q

Ostium Primum defect is associated with what?

A

Down syndrome

43
Q

continous machine like murmur

A

PDA, AV fistula

44
Q

what maintains the potency in PDA

A

low 02, prostaglandin

45
Q

what is Eisenmenger syndrome

A

uncorrected left to right shunt, inc pulmonary blood flow, RVH occurs to compensate, shunt bcomes R to L causing clubbing, late cyanosis, polycythemia

46
Q

Aortic Narrowing near insertion of ductus arterioles and turner syndrome

A

overriding of the aorta (infantile type)

47
Q

HTN in upper extremity & weak pulses in lower extremity

A

Coarctation of aorta (adult type)

48
Q

intercostal arteries enlarge due to collateral circulation & arteries eroding ribs

A

coarctation of aorta (adult)

49
Q

what are the complications of coarctation of aorta

A

HF, inc risk of cerebral hemorrhage (berry aneurysm),

aortic rupture and endocarditis

50
Q

what are the heart problems associated with alcohol exposure in utero

A

VSD, PDA, ASD, TOF

51
Q

what are the heart problem associated with rubella

A

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, septal defect

52
Q

Infant of diabetic mother

A

Transposition of great vessels

53
Q

margarin syndrome

A

MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation

54
Q

lithium exposure

A

Epstein anomaly

55
Q

Williams syndrom

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

56
Q

22q11 syndrome

A

trunks arteriousus TOF

First Aid 2016 - Bolu (10 decks)

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