FA pg 450-451 Neuro

Question 1

what induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and neural plate

Answer 1

notochord

Question 2

what gene is present in the notochord

Answer 2

sonic hedgehog

Question 3

notochord becomes ———– in adults

Answer 3

nucleus pulposus

Question 4

list the 3 major region that makes up the three primary vesicles of developing the brain

Answer 4

Forebrain,midbrain and hind brain

Question 5

what do the prosencephalon form

Answer 5

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 6

what does telencephalon form

Answer 6

cerebral hemisphere and lateral ventricle

Question 7

what does diencephalon form

Answer 7

thalamus and 3rd ventricle

Question 8

what does the mesencephalon form

Answer 8

midbrain and aqueduct

Question 9

what does the rhombocephalon divide to

Answer 9

metencephalon and mylencephalon

Question 10

metencephalon forms

Answer 10

pons, cerebellum and upper part of 4th ventricle

Question 11

what does the mylencephalon form

Answer 11

medulla and lower part of fourth ventricle

Question 12

where do the microglia cells originate from

Answer 12

mesoderm

Question 13

failure of the bony spinal canal to close with the dura intact is associated with what pathology

Answer 13

spinal bifida occulta (tuft of hair)

Question 14

a spinal problem with normal AFP

Answer 14

spinal bifida occulta

Question 15

diff btw meningocele and meningomylocele

Answer 15

meningocele: meninges herniate only thru spinal canal
meninogemylocele: meninges and spinal card herniation

Question 16

frog like appearance with polyhydramnious and inc AFP

Answer 16

frog like appearance with polyhydramnious and inc AFP

Question 17

anencephaly is associated with what 2 complication

Answer 17

maternal diabetes type 1

maternal folate supplementation

Question 18

failure of left and right hemisphere to separate and what gene and disease is it associated with?

Answer 18

holopronscencephaly, sonic hedge hog gene and patau syndrome

Question 19

what is cyclopia

Answer 19

most severe form of holopronscencephaly

Question 20

lack of cerebral vermis and an cystic enlarged 4th ventricle? list 2 associations

Answer 20

Dandy walker

associated with hydrocephalus & spinal bifida

Question 21

what disease is associated with memningomylocele

Answer 21

arnold chiara type 2

Question 22

absence of cerebellum is seen in what disease

Answer 22

Dandy walker