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World week 1 > 5/6 > Flashcards

5/6 Flashcards

1
Q

Target INR for A-fib or idiopathic VTE

A

2.0-3.0

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2
Q

Target INR for patients with prosthetic heart valves

A

2.5-3.5

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3
Q

What should be checked in every patient w/ menopause like symptoms

A

TSH and FSH

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4
Q

CGD defect

A

NADPH oxidase enzyme complex –> can’t form hydrogen peroxidase

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5
Q

Cause of LAD

A

Impaired neutrophil migration to the site of infection

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6
Q

LAD features

A

Delayed umbilical chord separation, recurrent NON PURULENT infections, marked neutropenia, and severe periodontal

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7
Q

Type 1 vs 2 HIT timing

A

type 1: within 2 days and usually fixes itself

type 2: 5-10 days

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8
Q

Initial carpal tunnel tx

A

Splinting and NSAIDs

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9
Q

Presentation of vasa previa

A

Painless vaginal bleeding that occurs w/ rupture of membranes followed by fetal deterioration

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10
Q

First line tx for symptomatic bradycardia

A

IV Atropine

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11
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina? MCC of death with this

A

Infection of the submandibular and sublingual glands

MCC of death with this is asphyxiation

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12
Q

SCFE in pt’s w/ endocrinopathies

A

Likely bilateral with early presentation

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13
Q

Edwards features

A

Trisomy 18 –> Rocker bottom feet, VSD, absent palmar creases, overlapping fingers, microcnathia

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14
Q

Newborns with Hep B pos mothers

A

HBIG (passive immunization) followed by active immunization with HBV vaccine

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15
Q

Dx conformation of ALL

A

Bone marrow biopsy showing >25% lymphoblasts

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16
Q

Why can severe pain prevent urination in BPH dudes

A

They need to valsalva in order to pee

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17
Q

Why bone loss in AS patients

A

Increased osteoclast activity in the setting of chronic inflammation

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18
Q

Inflammatory back pain feature of AS

A

Relieved with exercise but not rest

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19
Q

Hgb electrophoresis of beta-thal minor

A

Increased Hgb A2

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20
Q

Heme studies of Thal minor

A

MCV out of proportion to degree of anemia (Hgb > 10) and disproportionately high RBC count

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21
Q

When does iron def anemia become microcytic

A

When Hgb drops below 10

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22
Q

Tricomonas tx

A

Metronidazole

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23
Q

K in ACE use

A

Hyperkaelmia and rise in creatinine due to reduced GFR

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24
Q

CLL conforation

A

Flow cytomerty –> can demonstrate lymphocyte clonality

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25
Q

What bug causes endocarditis associated with nosocomial UTIs

A

Enterococci

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26
Q

Viridans group strep endocarditis with (2)

A
  1. Dental procedures

2. Procedures involving incision and biopsy of respiratory tract

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27
Q

Lateral epicondylitis features

A

Pain w/ supination or extension of the wrist and point tenderness just distal to lateral epicondyle

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28
Q

Test for radial tunnel syndrome

A

Flexing patients long finger while patient actively extends the finger and wrists

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29
Q

MCC of paroxysmal tachycardia in people without structural heart disease? What causes it

A

PSVT

Usually caused by re-entry circuit in AV node

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30
Q

What is often associated with breath holding spells in children

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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31
Q

2ndary hyper-PTH from renal failure features

A

Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Increased PTH

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32
Q

What can thyroid surgery cause

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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33
Q

When do sickle cell kids spleens usually auto-infarct

A

First 18-36 months of life

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34
Q

What are Heinz bodies

A

Aggregates of denatured Hgb seen in G6PD def and thalassemia

form bite cells with macrophages get them

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35
Q

Alports defect? kidney biopsy?

A

X-linked defect in collagen-IV formation

Kidney biopsy usually shows thinning of GBM

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36
Q

Two organs goodpasutures affects

A

Lung and Kidney

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37
Q

Increased deposition of poorly mineralized osteoid is seen in

A

Vit D def

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38
Q

Most common part of the spine RA affects?

A

Cervical joints in the axial skeleton –> can lead to cervical spine subluxation

39
Q

Serous otitis media otoscope exam

A

Dull TM that is hypomobile on pneumatic otoscope

40
Q

Big acute interstitial nephritis drugs

A

Penicillins, TMP-SMX, cephalosporins, NSAIDs

41
Q

Barter/Gittlemans syndrome labs

A

Normotensive w/ hypokalemia and alkalosis

high urine [Cl]

42
Q

MCC of a-fib

A

Ectopic foci within the Pulmonary veins

43
Q

Who gets plasma HIV RNA tests

A

Patients with negative serologic tests but high clinical suspicion of HIV

44
Q

Project

A

Attributing undesirable feelings to someone else

45
Q

What do MEN 2A and 2B have in common? different?

A

Both have MTC and Pheos
2A has parathyroid hyperplasia
2B have mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus

46
Q

Lab of congenital toxo

A

Hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia

47
Q

What can prolonged nitroprusside therapy cause? presentation?

A

Cyanide toxicity –> presents with AMS, lactic acidosis, seizures, and coma

48
Q

Gold standard to dx cervical incompetence

A

Transvaginal US –> look for funneling of cervix or short cervical length

49
Q

Two best tx for stress incompetence

A
  1. Pelvic muscle exercises

2. Urethropexy

50
Q

MCC of isolate proteinuria in children

A

Transient proteinuria –> repeat urine dipstick for protein 2x to rule out anything else

51
Q

Whistling noise after rhinoplast

A

Nasal septal perforation likely 2/2 septal hematoma

52
Q

After MI, rupture of ventricular free wall presentation

A

5 days to 2 weeks after –> Acute chest pain and profound shock, w/ rapid progression to PEA and death

53
Q

Best diagnostic test for diverticulitis

A

Abdominal CT (w/ oral contrast)

54
Q

Earliest signs of serious infection in neonate

A

Poor feeding and decreased levels of alertness

55
Q

Why is a head CT not needed in neonates before an LP

A

They do not herniate, as their open fontanelles serve to relieve intracranial pressure

56
Q

Pertussis ppx for house w/ sick contact

A

Macrolide for all close contacts

57
Q

Viral myocarditis MCC by what virus

A

Coxsackievirus B

58
Q

herpes simplex keratitis characterized by

A

Corneal vesicles and dendritic ulcers

59
Q

Most common nerve injury in association with mid-shaft fracture of the humerus

A

Radial nerve injury

60
Q

Most reliable sign for spinal osteomyelitis

A

Tenderness to gentle percussion over the spinous process

Inc ESR and Inc platelets

61
Q

R Ventricular MI features

A

Hypotension
JVD
Clear lung fields

62
Q

Right MI mgmt

A

Avoid nitrates and diuretics, as these patients are preload dependent
Bolus them

63
Q

Most common vaccine-preventable disease among travelers

A

Hepatitis A

64
Q

What should DM patients age 40-75 get regardless of baseline lipid levels

A

Statin

65
Q

BCC features

A

Slow growing papule with pearly rolled borders

66
Q

Two Ab for cellulite w/ systemic signs

A

IV nafcillin or cefazolin

67
Q

Aspergillosis CT

A

Pulmonary nodules with a halo sign or lesions with an air crescent

68
Q

Histo CXR

A

Hilar adenopathy and areas of pneumonitis

69
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma presentation

A

Unilateral orbitoforntal headache ass w/ n/v, unilateral hey pain w/ conjunctival injection, and dilated pupil w/ poor light response

70
Q

Drugs that causes idiosyncratic liver injury w/ histological features similar to viral hepatitis

A

Isoniazid
Halothane
Phenytoin
Alpha-methyldopa

71
Q

pronator drift a sign of

A

upper motor neuron damage in UE

72
Q

Dx for esophageal perf

A

Water soluble contrast esophagram

73
Q

What is constitutional growth delay characterized by

A

Delayed growth spurt
Delayed puberty
Delayed bone age

74
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation can cause damage tow hat

A

Axillary nerve or artery

75
Q

What is Kehr’s sign

A

Pain radiating to the shoulder due to diaphragmatic irritation

76
Q

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis results from? tx?

A

Transplacental passage of anti-TSH receptor antibodies

Tx: Methimazole + B blocker

77
Q

All RA patients should get what

A

MTX early in the course to prevent joint damage

78
Q

An adolescent with a solitary breast mass is likely

A

Fibroadenoma

re-examine after menses for decrease in mass size or tenderness

79
Q

Why hypocalcemia from blood transfusion

A

Citrate in transfused blood binds ionized calcium

80
Q

Two worst kinds of mutation

A

Non-sense and frameshift

81
Q

Dx of CO poisoning

A

Carboxyhemoglobin level

82
Q

One of the earliest manifestations of macular degeneration

A

Distortion of straight lines so they appear wavy

83
Q

When should COPD patients get home O2

A

PaO2

84
Q

Prolactin stimulated by and inhibited by what

A

Stimulated by serotonin and TRH and inhibited by dopamine

85
Q

Nocardia micro

A

Gram+ weakly acid fast filament branching rod

86
Q

Descending aortic dissection tx

A

Labetalol–> lower BP and HR, minimizing stress on the aortic wall

87
Q

Risk factors for polyp progressing into malignancy

A

Villous adenoma
Sessile adenoma
Size > 2.5cm

88
Q

Most common non-neoplastic polyps of the colon

A

Hyperplastic polyps

89
Q

Non-vaccinated healthcare workers exposed to Hep B blood

A

Hep B vaccine and Hep B Ig

90
Q

Early symptoms of CO poisoning

A

Typically neurologic (agitation, confusion, and somnolence)

91
Q

Surgery for Androgen insensitivity folks

A

Bilateral gonadectomy after completion of puberty (e.g. after attainment of adult height)

92
Q

Acute transplant rejection tx

A

IV steroids

93
Q

AS is characterized by

A

Chronic inflammatory bain pain and stiffness, lumbosacral tenderness, and reduced spinal range of motion

World week 1 (17 decks)

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