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World week 1 > 5/13 > Flashcards

5/13 Flashcards

1
Q

Migraines in children

A

Often bifrontal and shorter in duration

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2
Q

Recurrent pneumonias in the same anatomic region suggest

A

Bronchial obstruction due to an underlying abnormality (bronchogenic carcinoma most worrisome)

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3
Q

RA + Nephrotic syndrome think what

A

Amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis)

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4
Q

Next step in suspected achalasia after barium swallow

A

endoscopy to rule out malignancy (can mimic achalasia)

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5
Q

What frequently follows umbilical stump infection in neonates

A

Neonatal tetanus (generally seen in infants born to unimmunized mothers)

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6
Q

Measles vs Rubella

A

Fever higher in measles (up to 104)

Rash in measles is darker and spreads more gradually (reddish brown compared to pink)

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7
Q

HIV pt’s w/ signs of inc ICP, HA, and low grade fever should be evaluated for

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

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8
Q

Mech for esophageal dysmotility in SS

A

Atrophy and fibrosis of the smooth muscle in the lower esophagus

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9
Q

What is eosinophils esophagitis

A

Heartburn that does not respond to standard medications for GERD
Manometry will show esophageal hyper contractility

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10
Q

What can AVMs in the lung cause

A

Shunting of blood from right to left side of the heart, causing chronic hypoxemia and a reactive polycythemia

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11
Q

Hep B a risk for what glomerular disease

A

Membranous nephropathy

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12
Q

How do anticholinergic drugs cause urinary retention

A

Reducing detrusor contraction and preventing urethral sphincter relaxation

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13
Q

What should be done after any central venous catheter is placed

A

CXR to confirm proper placement

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14
Q

Who should get DM screening

A

All patients w/ sustained BP > 135/80

Maybs everyone over 45

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15
Q

How does mesothelioma present

A

Unilateral pleural abnormality with a large pleural effusion on CXR

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16
Q

Laps of VIPoma

A

Hypokalemia and achlorhydria

Hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia

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17
Q

Why replace volume before intubating in those in hypovolemic shock

A

Positive pressure ventilation increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases preload, which can cause circulatory collapse if volume isn’t fixed first

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18
Q

MCC of bloody diarrhea in absence of fever

A

E. coli

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19
Q

2 first steps in sever hypercalcemia

A

IV saline bolus and calcitonin

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20
Q

Myasthenic crisis mgmt

A

Endotracheal intubation followed by treatment w/ plasmapheresis or IVIg and steroids

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21
Q

Systemic manifestations of Fe poisoning

A

Abdominal pain
Hematemesis
Shock
Metabolic acidosis

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22
Q

MCC of empyema

A

Bacterial seeding of a parapneumonic effusion in setting of bacterial pneumonia

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23
Q

AE of hydroxychlorquine

A

Retinopathy

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24
Q

What causes placental abruption

A

Bleeding into decidua-placenta interface after rupture of maternal decidual blood vessels

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25
Q

US that is pathognomonic for placental abruption

A

Retroplacental hemorrhage on US

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26
Q

What is E corrodes

A

Gram neg anaerobe normally seen in oral flora

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27
Q

Hallmark of ischemic hepatopathy

A

Rapid and massive increase in transaminases w/ modest accompanying elevations in T bili and alk phos

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28
Q

Signs of hypernatremia

A

Mainly neurologic: lethargy, AMS, irritability, and seizures

29
Q

Why never hypotonic solutions in hypernatremia

A

They quickly exit the intravascular system and lower the sodium too rapidly

30
Q

Fever, chills and deep abdominal pain suggest

A

Retroperitoneal abscess

31
Q

3 things on WPW EKG

A
  1. Shortened PR interval
  2. Delta waves
  3. Widening of QRS
32
Q

What is not elevated in acute pericarditis

A

aVR (reciprocal depression)

33
Q

What is Dressler’s syndrome

A

Pericarditis that occurs weeks after an MI, due to immunologic phenomena

34
Q

Cyanide tox tx

A

Sodium thiosulfate

35
Q

Primary vs 2nd hyper PTH labs

A

2nd wil have much higher PTH and low to normal serum Ca levels

36
Q

What is erysipelas

A

Sudden onset of a sharply-demarcated erythematous tender skin lesion with raised borders + Fever
Due to GAS

37
Q

Diffusely narrow colon or “microcolon” on neonates Ab xray

A

Meconium ileus

38
Q

Where is the obstruction in Hirschsprungs

A

Rectosigmoid colon

39
Q

Finasteride MOA

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

40
Q

What is sympathetic opthalmia

A

Damage to one eye after penetrating injury to the other, due to uncovering of hidden antigens

41
Q

Mass outside of the testis that does not change with position

A

Spermatocele

42
Q

What brain bleed site has eyes deviating towards hemhorrage

A

Thalamic

43
Q

What stroke has deep coma and total paralysis w/in minutes

A

Pons

look for pinpoint pupils

44
Q

Atraumatic hip pain + Lupus + Normal xray

A

Osteonecrosis –>get MRI

45
Q

What is needed for bipolar II

A

Hypomanic episode(s) + at least one major depressive episode

46
Q

Hairy cell leukemia tx

A

Cladribine

47
Q

Why firm uterus in abruption

A

Blood may have a uterotonic effect, and will have usually low-amplitude frequent contractions

48
Q

Down’s test before 10 weeks gestation

A

Cell-free fetal DNA

49
Q

Two downs tests that offer definitive karyotype diagnosis

A

Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis

50
Q

Tx for scaphoid fracture

A

Wrist immobilization for 6-10 weeks

If X-ray non-diagnostic, repeat x-ray in 7-10 days for CT

51
Q

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease triad

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Chronic rhinosinusitis w/ nasal polyps
  3. Bronchospasm w/ asthma
52
Q

3 things given to woman in labor at

A
  1. Steroids
  2. Tocolytics
  3. Mag sulfate
53
Q

Erythema nodosum in young AA women think? what else do you see

A

Sarcoidosis

Will also see cough, arthritis, uveitis, and hilar adenopathy

54
Q

3 dietary recs for patients w/ renal calculi

A
  1. Increased fluid intake
  2. Decreased sodium intake
  3. Normal dietary calcium intake
55
Q

Wegner’s Ab

A

c-ANCA

56
Q

3 reasons for post-op cholestasis

A
  1. Increased pigment load from transfusion
  2. Decreased liver functionality
  3. Dec bilirubin excretion
57
Q

Retinal detachment symptoms

A

Sudden onset of photophobia and floaters and “curtain coming down over eyes”

58
Q

Drug induced lupus drugs

A

Hydralazine
Procainamide
Isoniazid

59
Q

Exudative effusion _ was is seen in complicated parapneumonic effusion

A

Pleural fluid (pH

60
Q

Clubfoot management

A

Initially w/ stretching and manipulation of the foot, followed by serial plaster casts, malleable splints, or taping

61
Q

3 extra hepatic manifestations of Hep C

A
  1. Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
  2. Porphyria cutanea tarda
  3. Membranoproliferazive glomerulonephritis
62
Q

Baseline studies before starting lithium

A
  1. BUN, Cr, Ca, UA
  2. TFT
  3. ECG in pt/s with coronary risk factors
  4. UPT
63
Q

Most common tumor in lynch besides clon

A

Endometrial

64
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

Developmental disorder w/ forward slip of vertebra w/ back pain, neuro dysfunction, and palpable step off

65
Q

Prolactin level needed to dx prolactinoma

A

> 200

66
Q

Most common site of HTN hemhorrages

A

Putamen

67
Q

How does oropharyngeal dysphagia present

A

Difficulty initiating swallowing ass w/ coughing, chocking, aspiration, or nasal regurg

68
Q

First step in workup of oropharyngeal dysphasia

A

Videoflouroscipic modified barium swallow study

World week 1 (17 decks)

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