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Block 3 pharm > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Opium Alkaloids

A

Morphine
Codeine
Noscapine

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2
Q

Semisynthetic Opioids

A 
Heroin
Pholcodeine
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Hydrocodone
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3
Q

Synthetic Opioids

A 
Meperidine
Tramadol
Methadone
Dextropropoxyphene
Fentanyl
Alfentanyl
Sefentnyl
Remitentnyl
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4
Q

Opioid Agonists/Antagonists

A

Pentazocine
Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine
Butorphanol

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5
Q

Pure Opioid Antagonists

A

Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nalmefene

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6
Q

Opioid Receptor: Mu

A
  • Supraspinal and spinal analgesia
  • Sedation
  • Inhibition of Respiration
  • Slowed GI Transit
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7
Q

Opioid Receptor: Delta

A
  • Supraspinal and Spinal analgesia
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8
Q

Opioid Receptor: Kappa

A
  • Supraspinal and Spinal analgesia
  • Psychomimetic Effects
  • Slowed GI transit
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9
Q

Endogenous Opioid Peptides

A 
Mu = Endorphins
Delta = Enkaphalins
Kappa = Dynorphins
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10
Q

Opioid Effects: CNS

A
  • Analgesia
  • Euphoria
  • Sedation
  • Resp Depression
  • Cough Suppression
  • Myosis
  • Nausea/Vomiting
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11
Q

Opioid Effects: Peripheral

A
  • CVS: Tachycardia (Meperidine), Peripheral artery/venous dilation
  • GI: DEC motility, INC Tone
  • Biliary Tract: Contraction, Sphincter of oddi constriction, Biliary/Pancreatic reflux (Elevated plasma amylase and lipase levels) (Meperidine is Exception!)
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12
Q

Clinical Uses of Opioid Analgesics

A
  • Analgesia
  • Acute Pulmonary Edema
  • Cough (Codeine, Robitussin, Noscapine)
  • Diarrhea (Diphenoxylate, Loperamide)
  • Anesthesia (Premedicant, adjunct anesthetic and primary anesthetic in high doses)
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13
Q

Alt Routes of Delivery

A
  • Suppository (Morphine, Hydromorphone)
  • Transdermal Patch (Fentanyl)
  • Intranasal (Butorphanol)
  • Buccal Transmucosal (Fentanyl lozenge)
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14
Q

Toxicity and Undesired Effects

A
  • Tolerance (2-3 weeks of use)
  • Psychological dependence
  • Physiological Dependence
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15
Q

Opioid OD

A
  • Pinpoint Pupils
  • Resp Depression
  • LOC
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16
Q

Methadone

A
  • Opioid Agonist
  • Long duration of action
  • Persistent effects w/ repeated use
  • Tx of Opioid Abstinence syndromes, Heroin users, relief of chronic pain
17
Q

Mixed Receptor Opioids: Nalbuphine

A
  • Strong Kappa Agonist

- Mu receptor Antagonist

18
Q

Mixed Receptor Opioids: Buprenorphine

A
  • Potent and long acting partial Mu agonist

- Sublingual, Long acting, Detox of heroin users

19
Q

Mixed Receptor Opioids: Pentazocine

A
  • Kappa agonist w/ weake Mu antagonist or partial agonist properties
20
Q

Butorphanol

A

Kappa Agonist

21
Q

Tramadol

A

Block 5HT Uptake

Block 3 pharm (10 decks)

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