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Grade 11 - SBI3U > Unit 4, Chapter 11: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Unit 4, Chapter 11: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Respiratory System

A

The group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

What is the group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide known as?

A

Respiratory System

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3
Q

Define Respiration

A

All of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste.

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4
Q

What are all of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste known as?

A

Respiration

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5
Q

Define Inspiration

A

The action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs.

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6
Q

What is the action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs known as?

A

Inspiration

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7
Q

Define Expiration

A

The action of releasing waste air from the lungs.

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8
Q

What is the action of releasing waste air from the lungs known as?

A

Expiration

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9
Q

Define Gas Exchange

A

The transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs.

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10
Q

What is the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs known as?

A

Gas Exchange

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11
Q

Define Ventilation

A

The process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface.

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12
Q

What is the process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface known as?

A

Ventilation

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13
Q

Describe Diffusion Gradient

A

Describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

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14
Q

What is the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration known as?

A

Diffusion Gradient

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15
Q

Define Diaphragm

A

A sheet of muscle that separates the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

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16
Q

What is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity known as?

A

Diaphragm

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17
Q

Define Spirograph

A

A graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measured by a spirometer.

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18
Q

What is a graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled known as?

A

Spirograph

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19
Q

Define Tidal Volume

A

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.

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20
Q

What is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing known as?

A

Tidal Volume

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21
Q

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation.

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22
Q

What is the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation known as?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

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23
Q

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation.

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24
Q

What is the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation known as?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

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25
Q

Define Vital Capacity

A

The total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath.

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26
Q

What is the total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath known as?

A

Vital Capacity

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27
Q

Define Residual Volume

A

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation.

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28
Q

What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation known as?

A

Residual Volume

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29
Q

Organisms in different environments have specialized breathing structures that are adapted to exchange _____ with their external environment.

A

Organisms in different environments have specialized breathing structures that are adapted to exchange gases with their external environment.

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30
Q

Fish use a _____ exchange mexhanism to efficently exchange gases with the water that moves over their _____.

A

Fish use a counter-current exchange mexhanism to efficently exchange gases with the water that moves over their gills.

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31
Q

All oxygen-breathing, terrestrial animals must maintain a _____ respiratory surface for gas exchange to occur.

A

All oxygen-breathing, terrestrial animals must maintain a moist respiratory surface for gas exchange to occur.

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32
Q

In humans, inspiration and expiration involve co-ordination between the _____, the _____ muscles, and the _____ cage.

A

In humans, inspiration and expiration involve co-ordination between the diaphragm, the intercoastal muscles, and the rib cage.

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33
Q

_____, the maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath, can be represented with a _____.

A

Vital capacity, the maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath, can be represented with a spirograph.

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34
Q

Define Pharynx

A

The passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

35
Q

What is the passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus known as?

A

Pharynx

36
Q

Define Trachea

A

The tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.

37
Q

What is the tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs known as?

A

Trachea

38
Q

Define Glottis

A

The opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx.

39
Q

What is the opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx known as?

A

Glottis

40
Q

Define Larynx

A

The structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal cords.

41
Q

What is the structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal cords known as?

A

Larynx

42
Q

Define Bronchus

A

The passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs.

43
Q

What is the passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs known as?

A

Bronchus

44
Q

Define Bronchiole

A

The passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lungs into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes.

45
Q

What is the passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lungs into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes known as?

A

Bronchiole

46
Q

Define Alveolus

A

A tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged in this sac.

47
Q

What is a tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole known as?

A

Alveolus

48
Q

Define Hemoglobin

A

An iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

49
Q

What is an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body known as?

A

Hemoglobin

50
Q

The human respiratory tract consists of the nasal passages, the _____, the glottis, the _____, the larynx, the _____, the bronchi, and the _____, which terminate in the alveoli. The bronchioles and alveoli are found inside the lungs.

A

The human respiratory tract consists of the nasal passages, the pharynx, the glottis, the epiglottis, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, and the bronchioles, which terminate in the alveoli. The bronchioles and alveoli are found inside the lungs.

51
Q

Before any air enters the respiratory system it must be _____, _____, and cleaned of _____, so that it does not damage the lungs.

A

Before any air enters the respiratory system it must be warmed, moistened, and cleaned of small particles, so that it does not damage the lungs.

52
Q

Gas exchange occurs between the _____ in the respiratory system and the _____ of the circulatory system.

A

Gas exchange occurs between the alveoli in the respiratory system and the capillaries of the circulatory system.

53
Q

The _____ in red blood cell transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

A

The hemoglobin in red blood cell transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

54
Q

Respiratory centres in the brain regulate and control breathing rate to maintain specific levels of _____ and _____ in the blood.

A

Respiratory centres in the brain regulate and control breathing rate to maintain specific levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

55
Q

Define Tonsillitis

A

An infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or by bacteria.

56
Q

What is an infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or by bacteria known as?

A

Tonsillitis

57
Q

Define Laryngitis

A

An inflammation of the larynx that can cause the voice to become raspy or hoarse.

58
Q

What is an inflammation of the larynx that can cause the voice to become raspy or hoarse known as?

A

Laryngitis

59
Q

Define Pneumonia

A

A disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection.

60
Q

What is a disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs that is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection known as?

A

Pneumonia

61
Q

Define Bronchitis

A

A respiratory disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi; it is classified as either acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant).

62
Q

What is a respiratory disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi and is classified as either acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant) known as?

A

Bronchitis

63
Q

Define Asthma

A

A lung disease that causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and overproduction of mucus in the lungs.

64
Q

What is a lung disease that causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and overproduction of mucus in the lungs known as?

A

Asthma

65
Q

Define Emphysema

A

A chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air.

66
Q

What is a chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air known as?

A

Emphysema

67
Q

Define Cystic Fibrosis

A

A genetic disease that cause a think build-up of mucus in the lungs, resulting in infection, inflammation, and damage to the lung tissues.

68
Q

What is a genetic disease that cause a think build-up of mucus in the lungs, resulting in infection, inflammation, and damage to the lung tissues known as?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

69
Q

Define Carcinoma

A

A tumour made up of rapidly multiplying cells.

70
Q

What is a tumour made up of rapidly multiplying cells known as?

A

Carcinoma

71
Q

Define Metastasis

A

The spread of cancerous cells from their original site to other parts of the body.

72
Q

What is the spread of cancerous cells from their original site to other parts of the body known as?

A

Metastasis

73
Q

Define Computed Axial Tomography

A

A specialized X ray technique for imaging organs and other tissues in the body; also known as a CAT or CT scan.

74
Q

What is a specialized X ray technique for imaging organs and other tissues in the body known as?

A

Computed Axial Tomography

75
Q

Define Two-Photon Microscope

A

A technique that uses photons to form images of living tissues up to a depth of 1mm.

76
Q

What is a technique that uses photons to form images of living tissues up to a depth of 1mm known as?

A

Two-Photon Microscope

77
Q

Define Bronchoscopy

A

A technology for viewing, diagnosing, and treating the tissues and organs of the respiratory system.

78
Q

What is a technology for viewing, diagnosing, and treating the tissues and organs of the respiratory system known as?

A

Bronchoscopy

79
Q

Human respiratory health is affected by _____, the _____, and _____.

A

Human respiratory health is affected by infections, the environment, and lifestyle.

80
Q

Disorders of the lower respiratory tract both cause and can be caused by damage to the _____ and the _____.

A

Disorders of the lower respiratory tract both cause and can be caused by damage to the bronchi and the lungs.

81
Q

Technologies for diagnosing disorders of the respiratory system include _____, spiral _____, and _____.

A

Technologies for diagnosing disorders of the respiratory system include CT scans, spiral CT scans, and bronchoscopy.

82
Q

Technologies for treating lung cancer include _____, _____, _____ surgery, and _____ surgery.

A

Technologies for treating lung cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, traditional surgery, and laser surgery.

83
Q

Recent advances in medical technologies allow for early detection of cancer and a reduced number of biopsies through the use of _____.

A

Recent advances in medical technologies allow for early detection of cancer and a reduced number of biopsies through the use of two-photon microscopy.

84
Q
A

Grade 11 - SBI3U (15 decks)

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