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Module 7 > Language & Epilepsy > Flashcards

Language & Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Impact of Epilepsy on cognition

A

IQ is reduced
When compared to TD & sibling (Bailet and Turk 2000)

The gap persists over time and they fall further behind

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2
Q

Reduced cognition in Epilepsy is associated with:

A

Early age onset
Drug resistant
Structural brain lesion

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3
Q

Prevalence of language disorders in Epilepsy & Structural Epilepsy

A
  • 30-42%

- 67% in structural epilepsy

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4
Q

Type of Language Impairment in Epilepsy

A
  • Over-generalisation of grammatical rules
  • Limited vocabulary
  • Anomia
  • Bizarre sentence formation
  • Inability to adjust linguistic style

As children get older language difficulties become more severe

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5
Q

What is Anomia

A

A type of language deficiency in Epilepsy

a type of aphasia where an individual has consistent inability to produce words for things that they want to talk about (particularly nouns and verbs). Anomia is a deficit of expressive language.

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6
Q

Brain areas used to Semantic Processing

A

Ventral: Fronto temporal

Semantic Processing

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7
Q

Brain areas used to Sensory-motor Processing

A

Dorsal: Fronto parietal

Sensory-motor processing

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8
Q

WM tracts associated with language

A

Tracts:

  • Uncinate Fasciculus
  • Extreme Capsule
  • Arcuate Fasiculus
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9
Q

Uncinate Fasciculus connects:

A

Inferior Frontal Gyrus orbitofrontal area & limbic areas in the anterior Temporal areas such as hippocampus & amygdala

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10
Q

Extreme Capsule Connects:

A

Bidirectional between:

  • claustrum & the insular cortex,
  • inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area) middle-posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area)
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11
Q

Arcuate Fasiculus connects

A

caudal temporal cortex & Inferior Parietal lobe Frontal lobe

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12
Q

Language WM development

A

A prolonged development across childhood

1) Ventral: present at birth and grows
2) Dorsal: matures at approx. 8 years old
3) Inter-henmispheric connection - mature earlier than intra-hemispheric connections

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13
Q

Dorsal Language Stream development

A

Dorsal: Fronto-parietal
Sensory-motor processing

Matures throughout childhood - peak @ 7 years old

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14
Q

Ventral Language Stream development

A

Ventral: Fronto-temporal
Semantic Processing

Present at birth and grows throughout life

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15
Q

When does lateralisation develop?

A

relatively fixed by age 5

however research is INCONCLUSIVE: Low specificity & Low sensitivity of studies

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16
Q

Lateralisation research

A

Review:
Has low specificity & Sensitivity

Most studies are underpowered and therefore not picking up effect

17
Q

Development of regions associated with semantic processing:

A 
Increased activation:
>L. Broca’s area
>R & L Middle Temporal gyrus
>L &R. Inferior temporal gyrus
>R&L. Pars orbitalis
18
Q

Impact of childhood onset TL Epilepsy on Language WM network

A
  • Widespread WM changes
  • Early developing inter-hemispheric connect is compromised
  • -> Posterior CC
  • -> Cingulum

Associated with poorer IQ & Memory & Fluency

19
Q

Epilepsy & Grey Matter network

A

Poorer language is associated with localised reductions in:
> iFG and posterior STG
> Anterior STG
When compared to children with epilepsy but no LI

20
Q

Epilepsy impact on Ventral & Dorsal language network

A

Ventral network = reduced activation

  • early developing ventral network is vulnerable
  • -> 47% of the variance & 8% in controls

Dorsal Network = increased (Trend)
- related to better task performance

21
Q

% of atypical Language Lateralisation

A

higher % of atypical lateralisation

30-60%

22
Q

Atypical language re-organisation associated with:

A 
>Earlier age of onset of seizures/lesion
>left perisylvian seizure focus 
>Atypical handedness
>Normal MRI
>Having a Stroke
>Lesions in anterior language regions
23
Q

Atypical language lateralisation is not associated with

A

Intra-hemispheric difference - they use the same network

24
Q

Atypical Intra-hemispheric language re-organisation can be associated with:

A

Intra-hemispheric re-organiation predicted by lesions in Broca, Wernick or handedness

  • but atypical lateralisation was not linked to intra hemispheric lesions to broca or wernick
25
Q

Brain region found to predict Inter-hemispheric re-organisation

A

Planum Temporale being assymmetrical
48% of the variation

IT contains higher order auditory & language cortex

Module 7 (13 decks)

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