Sleep & Memory

Question 1

3 methods to assess sleep:

Answer 1

1. Poly Sonography (EEG Data)
2. Actigraphy Watch
3. Questionnaires

Question 2

Stage of sleep characterised by small waves of front-central theta activity (4-7hz) + enhanced Beta activity + Drowsiness + muscle twitching

Answer 2

Stage 1

Question 3

Stages of sleep characterised by Delta waves (1-4hz)

Answer 3

Stage 3 & 4 => SWS

Question 4

Sleep stage dominated by theta waves (4-7Hz) + energy burst sleep spindles

Answer 4

Stage 2

Question 5

Deepest stage of sleep

Answer 5

Stage 4 - SWS

Question 6

Growth Hormone released in

Answer 6

Stage 4 - SWS

Question 7

Sleep stage: Fast desynchronised EEG ==> theta/beta activity with brief alpha rhythm

Answer 7

REM sleep/Paradoxical sleep

Question 8

Body during REM

Answer 8

muscles relax (muscle atonia)

heart increases

breathing is rapid and shallow

Question 9

% of time in REM sleep

Answer 9

20-25%

Question 10

% of time in Stage 4

Answer 10

12-15%

Question 11

Longest sleep stage

Answer 11

Stage 2 - 45-55%

Question 12

adults sleep cycle

Answer 12

90 minus

infant = 50-60 minutes

Question 13

SREM

Answer 13

slow rolling eye movemnet - happens in stage 1 and stops in stage 2

Question 14

K complexes

Answer 14

found in stage 2 alongside theta waves

Question 15

Which stage of sleep declines as we get older

Answer 15

SWS

Question 16

no eye movement occurs in

Answer 16

SWS

Question 17

EEG desynchronization

Answer 17

The EEG background activity changes from that seen in slow wave sleep (stage III or IV)

Question 18

What happens to SWS in child development

Answer 18

Steep Decline

Stage 2 = stable

Question 19

SWS in the brain throughout the development

Answer 19

Posterior => Central => Frontal

Matches the course of cortical maturation – possibly contribute to cortical development

Question 20

In which brain region does SWS occur in 1 and 2 years old?

Answer 20

Occipital region

- coincides with visual acuity

Question 21

SWS occurs in _ brain region between 17-20 years old

Answer 21

Fronto region - coincides with EF development

Question 22

Active System Consolidation

Answer 22

Theory on sleep & cognitive development

Question 23

According to ASC theory what happens to memories in sleep

Answer 23

Memories move from:
Hippocampus (temporary store) ==> Neocortex (Long Term Store)

neuronal reactivation of declarative memory during slow-wave sleep (SWS) promotes the redistribution of representations initially stored in hippocampal circuitry to extra-hippocampal circuitry for long-term storage.

Question 24

EEG support for ASC

Answer 24

neocortical – slow oscillations
Thalamo-cortical – K complexes (spindles)
Hippocampal ripples

Question 25

What is synaptic Homeostasis

Answer 25

Sleep & cognitive development Theory

- Sleep allows the brain to normalise and rest

Question 26

How does sleep promote cognitive development according to SH theory

Answer 26

It provides:
Motor disconnection
Sensory disconnection

the proposed function of sleep is to provide synaptic renormalization, which has important implications with respect to energy needs, intracranial space, metabolic supplies, and, importantly, enables further plastic changes.

Question 27

What sleep waves potentiate memories?

Answer 27

SWS oscillations

Question 28

Benefit of sleep & memory consolidation was associated with…

Answer 28

SWS

in Epilepsy patient and TD

Question 29

What discharges are associated with negaitve impact on memory consolidation

Answer 29

Interictal