Chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

examining the structure of the human body

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the functions of the human body

Question 3

inspection

Answer 3

visual observation of the body in the course of a medical examination

Question 4

palpation

Answer 4

physical examination in medical diagnosis by pressure of the hand or fingers to the surface of the body specifically to determine the condition of an underlying part or organ

Question 5

auscultation

Answer 5

act of listening to sounds arising within organs as an aid to diagnosis and treatment

Question 6

percussion

Answer 6

the act or technique of tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound

Question 7

comparative anatomy

Answer 7

study more than one species to examine structural similarities and differences, and analyze evolutionary trends

Question 8

exploratory surgery

Answer 8

opening the body and looking inside

Question 9

medical imaging

Answer 9

viewing inside of the body with out surgery

Question 10

gross anatomy

Answer 10

what can be seen with the naked eye

Question 11

comparative physiology

Answer 11

studying different species to learn about bodily functions

***basis for development of new drugs and medical procedures

Question 12

hypothesis

Answer 12

educated speculation or possible answer

Question 13

falsifiability

Answer 13

if we claim something is scientifically true, we must be able to specify what evidence it would take to prove it wrong

Question 14

sample size

Answer 14

number of subjects used in a study

Question 15

control

Answer 15

control group and treatment group

**comparison of treated and untreated individuals

Question 16

psychosomatic effects

Answer 16

effects of subjects state of mind on his or her physiology

**use of a placebo

Question 17

placebo

Answer 17

“sugar pill”

fake treatment

Question 18

experimenter bias

Answer 18

the experimenter may be swayed one way or the other due to any possible bias

Question 19

double-blind study

Answer 19

neither the experimenter nor the subjects of a study know details about the experimental components

Question 20

statistical testing

Answer 20

provides statements of probability
different between control and test subjects was not random variation
results due to variable being tested

Question 21

peer review

Answer 21

critical evaluation by other experts in a field

**ensures honesty, objectivity, and quality in science

Question 22

scientific fact

Answer 22

info that can be independently verified by a trained person

Question 23

law of nature

Answer 23

generalizations about the predictable way matter and energy behave

• *results from inductive reasoning and repeated observation
• *written as verbal statements or mathematical formulae

Question 24

theory

Answer 24

an explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses

• *summarizes what we know
• *suggests direction for further study

Question 25

evolution

Answer 25

change in genetic composition of population of organisms

EX: development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and appearance of new strains of AIDS virus

Question 26

natural selection

Answer 26

some individuals within a species have hereditary advantages over their competition

• *disease resistance
• *ability to attract mates

Question 27

selection pressures

Answer 27

natural F that promote reproductive success of some individuals more than others

Question 28

adaptaions

Answer 28

features of an organism’s anatomy, physiology, or behavior that have evolved in response to these selection pressures and enable organism to cope with challenges of its environment

Question 29

model

Answer 29

animal species selected for research on particular problem

Question 30

vestigial organs

Answer 30

remnants of organs that apparently were better developed and more functional in ancestors of a species, and now serve little or no purpose

Question 31

Organization

Answer 31

living things exhibit a higher level of organization that nonliving world around them

Question 32

cellular composition

Answer 32

living matter is always compartmentalized into more than one cells

Question 33

Metabolism

Answer 33

sum of all internal chemical change

Question 34

responsiveness

Answer 34

sense and react to stimuli

Question 35

homeostasis

Answer 35

maintaining relatively stable internal conditions

Question 36

development

Answer 36

differentiation and growth

Question 37

reproduction

Answer 37

producing copies of themselves

**pass genes to offspring

Question 38

Mutations

Answer 38

a relatively permanent change in hereditary material involving either a physical or biochemical change