Health Promotion Flashcards
Examples of primary prevention
Health protecting education, and counseling. Ex- use of car restraints, bicycle helmets, safer sex & accident/fall prevention.
Examples of secondary prevention
Screening exams such as Papanicolaou test, mammography, BP measurement & lipid profile. (To identify & treat asymptomatic persons at risk for a given disease or preclinical disease).
Examples of tertiary prevention
Includes medications & lifestyle modification aimed to improve or minimize disease related symptoms. (Management of an established disease).
Passive immunity
Provided when a person receives select antibodies, usually via the administration of immune globulin (IG). This immunity is temporary & requires the patient present post exposure. Protection provided by IG usually starts within hours of receiving the dose, & lasts a number of months.
Active immunity
Provided through the use of vaccines, where the body then makes antibodies. This type of immunity provides long-term protection from disease.
What is the age range of kids who need 2 doses of influenza vaccine (for the 1st time immunization).
Children aged 6 months to 8 years. The vaccine should be spaced >/= 4 weeks apart.
Who should be excluded from the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) (Flu Mist)?
Children 49 years of age, dx of chronic heart disease, lung disease (asthma/reactive airway), DM, CKD, or immunosuppressed. Pts taking long-term aspirin therapy, pregnant women, hx of Guillain-Barre, hx of allergy to any vaccine components. * most pts with egg allergy can safely receive influenza vaccine (newest recommendation).
What meds are FDA approved for treatment/prevention of only influenza A?
The adamantane derivatives- amantadine (Symmetrel) & rimantadine (Flumadine).
What meds are FDA approved for the use in influenza A & B?
The neuraminidase inhibitor drugs- zanamivir (Relenza) & oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
What is the most common organism of community acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Who should receive pneumococcal vaccine?
Adults with chronic illness such as: lung disease (including asthma), cardiovascular disease, DM, chronic liver disease, malignancy, chronic renal/ nephrotic syndrome, asplenia (including functional-sickle cell), organ transplant recipient, & all adults >65. * HIV pts should receive PCV 13, then PCV 23 eight weeks later, with second dose of PCV 23 at least 5 years later, & a third dose at age 65.
Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated for pts with hx of anaphylactic reaction to what?
Baker’s yeast
What year did universal vaccine against HBV begin?
1982
Which immunizations contain live attenuated virus?
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), Varicella (chickenpox), Zoster (zostavax), & Intranasal influenza (FluMist).
When is Hep A (HAV) most infectious?
Peak infectivity occurs during the 2-week period before onset of jaundice or elevated LFT, when concentrations of virus in the stool are highest. (Once jaundice occurs, the level of virus in the stool diminishes).
