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FNP Review > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary skin lesion

A

Has not been altered by outside manipulation, treatment, natural course of disease. Ex- vesicles

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2
Q

Secondary skin lesion

A

Lesions altered by outside manipulation, treatment, natural course of disease.
Ex- crust from ruptured vesicles, excoriation, lichenification, scales, erosion, ulcer, fissure

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3
Q

Macule

A

Flat, non-palpable.

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4
Q

Papule

A

Solid elevation,

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5
Q

Pustule

A

Vesicle-like lesion with purulent content,

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6
Q

Umbilicated

A

Papule with indented center

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7
Q

Patch

A

Flat, non-palpable area of skin discoloration larger than a Macule. >1cm
Ex- vitiligo

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8
Q

Plaque

A

Raised lesion, same or different color from surrounding skin, can result from a coalescence of papules >1cm
Ex- psoriasis vulgaris

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9
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid-filled >1cm

Ex- 2nd degree burn (blister)

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10
Q

Cyst

A

Raised, encapsulated, fluid filled lesion

Ex- intradermal cyst

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11
Q

Wheal

A

Circumscribed area of skin edema

Ex- hives, ppd

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12
Q

Purpura, petechiae

A

Flat red-purple discoloration that does not blanch with pressure.
>1cm= purpura

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13
Q

Lichenification

A

Skin thickening usually found over pruritic or friction areas

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14
Q

Confluent lesions

A

Multiple lesions blending together

Ex- psoriasis, tinea

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15
Q

Annular lesions

A

In a ring, often seen in the characteristic “Bulls eye” lesion seen in Lyme disease

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16
Q

Actinic keratoses

A

Brown, occasionally skin colored, scaly. Can be felt by running finger over area. Feels rough like Sand paper.
Most common precancerous skin lesion, can remain unchanged, spontaneously resolve, or progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

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17
Q

Basal cell

A

Most common, sun-exposed areas, arise on their own (de novo), pearly, waxy appearance, with relatively distinct borders.
Papule, nodule with or without central erosion

Mets risk low, significant tissue destruction risk without treatment.

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18
Q

Squamous cell

A

Less common, can arise from nothing, KERATINIZING CELLS or AK’s.
Red, conical hard lesions with or without ulceration, less distinct borders.
Mets risk greater than BCC, (3-7%), significant tissue destruction without treatment. Greatest risk on lip, oral cavity, genitalia

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19
Q

ABCDE of malignant melanoma

A

Asymmetric
Borders irregular
Color not uniform (brown, black, red, blue)
Diameter (usually >6mm)
Evolving new lesion or change in a lesion, particularly a nevus or other pigmented lesion.
Elevated

20
Q

Impetigo organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyrogenes

21
Q

Erysipelas definition & organisms

A

Hot, red, infection of the upper dermis, superficial lymphatics.

Streptococcus pyrogenes (requires IV Pcn)

22
Q

Cellulitis organisms

A

Streptococcus pyrogenes, less commonly staphylococcus aureus MSSA/MRSA

23
Q

Cutaneous abscess/furuncle, carbuncle organism

A

Staphylococcus aureus MSSA/ MRSA

24
Q

Treatment for cellulitis/erysipelas/impetigo

A

Moderate (systemically Ill, tracking/streaking)- IV penicillin, ceftriaxone IV, cefazolin IV, or clindamycin IV

Mild- pen VK, cephalexin, dicloxacillin, or clindamycin po

25
Q

Treatment of abscess/carbuncle/furuncle

A

Moderate (tracking/streaking, lymphadenopathy)- I&D, C&S, TMP/SMX or doxycycline

Mild- I&D, no abt

26
Q

1st degree burn

A

Superficial burns- impacts epidermis only; no blisters present.

27
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Superficial partial thickness- upper layers of papillary dermis
Deep partial thickness- deeper layers of dermis, including reticular dermis

Blisters present

28
Q

3rd degree burns

A

Full thickness- epithelium, dermis & underlying fat layer.

29
Q

Body ringworm aka

A

Tinea corpois

30
Q

Jock itch aka

A

Tinea cruris

31
Q

Athletes foot aka

A

Tinea pedis

32
Q

Fungal infection of scalp aka

A

Tinea capitis

33
Q

Pityriasis rosea description & key findings

A

Oval, salmon-colored scaling plaques.
Acute, exanthematous eruption.
Classically starts with a HERALD PATCH
secondary phase erupts in a CHRISTMAS TREE PATTERN

34
Q

Secondary syphilis rash

A

Looks similar to pityriasis rosea, but also presents on palms of hands & soles of feet.
Order RPR to check for evidence of syphilis

35
Q

Psoriasis definition

A

Common, chronic, inflammatory mulit-system disease that mostly involves skin & joints
Presents as classic pink to bright red WELL-DEMARCATED PLAQUES WITH SILVERY SCALE
Usually on extensor knees & elbows

36
Q

Guttate psoriasis description

A

Presents as small “drop-like” scaly papules and plaques mostly on the trunk and extremities
Often FOLLOWS GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION

37
Q

Inverse/flexural psoriasis

A

Erythematous patches located in the skin folds (axilla, groin).
May lack scale due to moistness of area. Often symmetric

38
Q

Pustular psoriasis

A

Psoriatic lesions with pustules
Often TRIGGERED BY STEROID WITHDRAWAL
when generalized, it can be life-threatening

39
Q

Palmoplantar psoriasis

A

May occur as plaque or pustular type.

Indistinguishable from rash of reactive arthritis

40
Q

Psoriatic erythroderma

A

Involves almost the entire skin surface. BRIGHT RED, hospitalization is sometimes required

41
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Bleeding after removal of scale (psoriasis scale)

42
Q

Koebner phenomenon

A

Psoriasis lesions induced by trauma

43
Q

Psoriasis treatment

A

Topical high potency steroids sometimes in combination with topical vitamin D analogs (topicals when

44
Q

Lice (head, body, pubic)

A

Head- pediculus humanus var. capitis
Body- pediculus humanus var. corporis
Pubic- phthirus pubis

45
Q

Pediculosis treatments

A

Permethrin 1%

Malathion 0.5% when resistance is suspected.

46
Q

Scabies (sarcoptes scabiei) features

A

Hallmark is ITCHING AT NIGHT

papules may commonly involve the axillae, breasts, umbilicus, penis, scrotum, finger web and wrists.

47
Q

Bed bug (cimex lectularius) treatment

A

Potent topical steroids and antihistamines

FNP Review (15 decks)

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