Burkholderia

Question 1

Pathogenic species of Burkholderia

Answer 1

B. mallei - glanders
B. pseudomallei - melioidosis
B. cepacia

Question 2

Burkholderia mallei

-general

Answer 2

Glanders
BSL 3 agent - used in WWI
Must be reported

Question 3

Burkholderia mallei

• symptoms
• virulence factors
• transmission

Answer 3

1. nodules and ulcers, pyogranulomatous
orchitis
skin respiratory tract
2. non-specific
Capsule, LPS
3. ingestion (feed, water), inhalation, wounds

Question 4

Burkholderia mallei Pathogenesis

Answer 4

Chronic, debilitating
Entry (pharynx, skin) -> spread via lymphatic and blood -> nodular lesions in lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen, nose, skin

Question 5

Burkholderia mallei

Pathology

Answer 5

Suppurative lesions

1. Nodular - neutrophils, fibrin, RBCs
2. Granulomatous - central necrotic granulomatous surrounded by epithelial cells, giant cells, lymphocytes embedded in granulation tissue

Question 6

Burkholderia mallei

Symptoms

Answer 6

Acute - fever, nasal discharge, lymphadenitis, frequently fatal
Chronic - you should not see this (declaration at acute phase); fever and respiratory problems, skin abscesses

Question 7

Burkholderia mallei Diagnosis

Answer 7

Serology: care for false positives

Horse CFT is official test, but creates false positives sometimes

Question 8

Burkholderia pseudomallei

-general

Answer 8

Melioidosis
Pyogranulomatous infections
Reportable
Real saprophyte - in water rich environments (swampy terrain, rice paddies)
Endosymbiont of environmental amoeba

Question 9

Burkholderia pseudomallei

• transmission
• virulence factors

Answer 9

1. Ingestion, wound infection, airborne, arthropod bites
2. Adhesins+flagella
   Capsule
   T3SS and T4SS

Question 10

Burkholderia pseudomallei

• dogs
• equine
• cattle
• sheep
• goat
• swine

Answer 10

Dogs: febrile diseases with localizing suppurative foci
Equine: mimics glanders - pseudoglanders
Cattle: acute to chronic; lungs, joints, uterus
Sheep: arthritis, lymphadenitis
Goat: loss of condiiton, respiratory and CNS disturbances, arthritis, mastitis
Swine: respiratory and CNS disturbances, arthritis, mastitis, abortion, dirrhea

Question 11

Burkholderia pseudomallei Diagnosis

Answer 11

BSL 3
Sample purulent content
Serology - care for false positives
Horses CFT is official test, but creates false positives sometimes