Nutrition: General Overveiw

Question 1

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 1

Absorbed by the intestinal tract, stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
Not water-soluble, it is possible that the vitamins may reach toxic levels

Question 2

Vitamin essential to the eyes, epithelial tissue, normal growth and development, and reproduction
Deficiency symptoms include night blindness, rough and dry skin, and growth failure
Toxicity symptoms include appetite loss, hair loss, and enlarged liver and spleen

Answer 2

Vitamin A

Question 3

Vitamin increases the blood flow levels of minerals, notably calcium and phosphorus
Deficiency symptoms include faulty bone growth, rickets, and osteomalacia
Toxicity symptoms include calcification of soft tissues, and hypercalcemia

Answer 3

Vitamin D

Question 4

Vitamin functions as an antioxidant in cell membranes and important for the integrity of cells that are constantly exposed to high levels of oxygen such as the lungs and red blood cells
Deficiency symptoms include breakdown of red blood cells, but is rare
Toxicity symptoms include decreased thyroid hormone levels and increased triglycerides

Answer 4

Vitamin E

Question 5

Vitamin necessary for synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting
Deficiency symptoms include hemorrhage and defective blood clotting

Answer 5

Vitamin K

Question 6

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 6

Not stored in the body and therefore needed in diet on daily basis.
Toxicity is less common with fat-soluble vitamins

Question 7

Vitamin that facilitates selected enzymes involved in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
Deficiency symptoms include inflammation of tongue, sensitive eyes, and scaling of the skin

Answer 7

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Question 8

Vitamin that facilitates enzymes that regulate energy metabolism
Deficiency symptoms include pellagra and gastrointestinal disturbances
Toxicity symptoms include abnormal glucose metabolism, nausea, vomiting, and gastric ulceration

Answer 8

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Question 9

Vitamin essential in metabolism of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and fat
Deficiency symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, convulsions, and depression
Toxicity symptoms include sensory damage, numbness of the extremities, and ataxia

Answer 9

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Question 10

Vitamin essential for functioning of all cells and aids in hemoglobin synthesis
Deficiency symptoms include pernicious anemia and various psychological disorders

Answer 10

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Question 11

Vitamin that assists the body to combat infections and facilitates wound healing. Necessary for the development and maintenance of bones, cartilage, connective tissue, and blood vessels.
Deficiency symptoms include anemia, swollen gums, loose teeth, and scurvy
Toxicity symptoms include urinary stones, diarrhea and hypoglycemia

Answer 11

Vitamin C

Question 12

Vitamin necessary fro action of many enzyme systems

Deficiency symptoms include anemia depression, and muscle pain

Answer 12

Biotin

Question 13

Vitamin is a component of compounds necessary for nerve function and lipid metabolism

Answer 13

Choline

Question 14

Vitamin involved in the formation of red blood cells and in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract
Deficiency symptoms include impaired cell division and alteration of protein synthesis

Answer 14

Folacin (Folic acid)

Question 15

Vitamin as an integral component of complex enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids
Deficiency symptoms include headache, fatigue, and poor muscle coordination

Answer 15

Pantothenic Acid

Question 16

Mineral facilitates muscle contraction and relaxation, builds strong bones and teeth, and aids in coagulation
Deficiency leads to poor growth, rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis

Answer 16

Calcium

Question 17

Mineral that facilitates that maintenance of fluid and acid-base balance

Answer 17

Chloride (Cl)

Question 18

Mineral that builds strong bones and teeth, activates enzymes, and helps regulate heartbeat
Deficiency symptoms include confusion, apathy, muscle weakness, and tremors

Answer 18

Magnesium (Mg)

Question 19

Mineral that strengthens bones, assists in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, and aids in maintaining acid-base balance
Deficiency symptoms include weakness, stiff joints, and fragile bones

Answer 19

Phosphorus (P)

Question 20

Mineral that maintains fluid and acid-base balance

Deficiency symptoms include impaired growth, hypertension, and diminished heart rate

Answer 20

Potassium (K)

Question 21

Mineral that facilitates the maintenance of acid-base balance, transmits nerve impulses, and helps control muscle contractions

Answer 21

Sodium (Na)

Question 22

Mineral that facilitates enzyme activity and energy metabolism

Answer 22

Sulfur (S)

Question 23

Trace mineral that controls glucose metabolism

Deficiency symptoms include weight loss and central nervous system abnormalities

Answer 23

Chromium (Cr)

Question 24

Trace mineral essential of vitamin B12 and functions of activate enzymes
Deficiency symptom include pernicious anemia
Toxicity symptoms include polycythemia and increased blood volume

Answer 24

Cobalt (Co)

Question 25

Trace mineral facilitates hemoglobin synthesis and lipid metabolism
Deficiency symptoms include anemia, central nervous system abnormalities, and abnormal electrocardiograms
Toxicity causes Wilson’s disease

Answer 25

Cooper (Cu)

Question 26

Trace mineral that aids in the formation of bones and teeth and prevents osteoporosis
Deficiency symptoms include increase susceptibility of dental cavities

Answer 26

Fluorine (F)

Question 27

Trace mineral that assists the regulation of cell metabolism and basal metabolic rate
Deficiency symptom includes goiters

Answer 27

Iodine (I)

Question 28

Trace mineral that assists in oxygen transport and cell oxidation
Deficiency symptom includes anemia
Toxicity symptom includes hemochromatosis

Answer 28

Iron (Fe)

Question 29

Trace mineral facilitates proper bone structure and functions as an enzyme component in general metabolism

Answer 29

Manganese (Mn)

Question 30

Trace mineral that is a synergistic antioxidant with vitamin E
Deficiency symptoms includes Keshan’s disease
Toxicity symptoms include physical defects of fingernails and toenails, nausea, and abdominal pain

Answer 30

Selenium (Se)

Question 31

Trace mineral that is a component of three enzymes in particular that are necessary for normal cell functioning
Deficiency symptoms include vomiting and tachypnea

Answer 31

Molybdenum (Mo)

Question 32

Trace mineral that aids in immune function and cell division
Deficiency symptoms include depressed immune functions and impaired skeletal growth
Toxicity symptoms include anemia, nausea, and vomiting

Answer 32

Zinc (Zn)