Perceptual development

Question 1

What are four basic methods used by researchers to investigate perception in infants

Answer 1

Preferential looking
Habituation
Visual scanning
Cortical evoked potentials

Question 2

What is an implication of preferential looking?

Answer 2

If the baby prefers one stimuli over another, it means that he can discriminate between them

Question 3

What do babies prefer to look at over other stimuli?

Answer 3

Faces

Question 4

What is the contrast sensitivity function

Answer 4

ii. Gray background with darker and lighter lines that start close together, but progressively widen

Question 5

What is a prediction of habituation in regards to new stimuli when one has already been habituated

Answer 5

If the infant can discriminate the habituated stimulus from the novel, the decrease in response should not generalize to the new stimulus

Question 6

What is an assumption made in habituation

Answer 6

The baby prefers the novel stimulus to the habituated stimulus

Question 7

How is development level determined using visual scanning

Answer 7

As age increases, the eye movements become more precise and take in more parts of the picture

Question 8

What are cortical evoked potentials?

Answer 8

An evoked potential or evoked response is an electrical potential recorded from the nervous system of a human or other animal following presentation of a stimulus

Question 9

What is the first external stimulus babies have a reflex reaction to?

Answer 9

touch

Question 10

Define haptic perception

Answer 10

The perceptual experience that results from active exploration of objects by touch

Question 11

Define visual acuity

Answer 11

The clarity with which images can be perceived

Question 12

What is vision like at birth

Answer 12

20/400 - 20/800

Question 13

When can babies full discern colour

Answer 13

4 months

Question 14

At what age will the visual cliff scare kids to the point they will not cross?

Answer 14

9 months

Question 15

What kind of faces do babies show preference for?

Answer 15

symmetric, “attractive” faces

Question 16

Define prospagnosia

Answer 16

Inability to remember faces

Question 17

What are two evidences of innate mechanisms in face perception

Answer 17

1. damage to certain parts of the brain can cause prospopagnosia
2. Monkeys deprived of monkey and juman faces for the first 24 months of life are still able to discern faces

Question 18

Evidence that experience plays a role in face processing (2)

Answer 18

monkeys selectively exposed to human faces preferred human faces, and were better able to discriminate between human faces

Question 19

What is the other race effect

Answer 19

Struggles distinguishing between different faces of a racial culture in which one was not raised

Question 20

What are two different types of relational processing

Answer 20

Configural and hollistic

Question 21

Define configural processing

Answer 21

Taking several different features of the face and establishing a relationship between them in order to determine who the person is, or what sex they are.

Question 22

Define holistic processing

Answer 22

i) a quick initial response to the first-order information present in every face.
ii) Seeing just the face as a whole (recognizing someones face)

Question 23

Define intermodal perception

Answer 23

a. The use and integration of information from more than one modality to form a unitary representation of an object

Question 24

What is an example of intermodal perception being wrong?

Answer 24

The McGurk effect

Question 25

Define intentional behaviour

Answer 25

Ability to separate means from ends