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Block 1 > 5-1 (8.10.16) > Flashcards

5-1 (8.10.16) Flashcards

1
Q

define cytoskeleton

  • def

- euk or pro

A

protein framework extending thru cytosol

euk

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2
Q

order lengths (short to long)

A

short: actin
intermediate filament
long: microtubule

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3
Q

what protein cross links IMF, MT, A

A

P-LECTIN

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4
Q

”” binds to actin monomers to prevent assembly until filaments are needed

”” proteins (AND nickname) promote assembly

A

monomer-sequestering protein

nucleating proteins
ARP complexes

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5
Q

myosin # occurs in all cells and has one head domain and tail

A

1

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6
Q

REL between myosin and actin

A

Myosin moves along actin TOWARD plus end.

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7
Q

myosin # for muscle

A

2

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8
Q

where else myosin 2 does its contracting thin

A

contractile bundles and ring

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9
Q

what causes contraction of sarcomere

A

movement of myosin

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10
Q

motor molecule, before it can walk, needs to

A

have its shape changed via hydrolysis of ATP

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11
Q

K molecules (FC for name) move to +/- end of MT

what moves to OPP direction

A

KI-NESIN

+

DY-NEIN moves to MINUS end

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12
Q

REL between K and myosin #

A

REL: similar structure

2

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13
Q

K and D are motor molecules on what kind of (MT/actin/IMF)

A

MT

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14
Q

what’s the dif bt D and K in terms of structure

A

K is taller

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15
Q

head/tail of motor molecule binds to cargo

A

tail

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16
Q

read: each step of K or D requires hydrolysis of ATP

A

-

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17
Q

cilia’s beat does what

A

moves liquid over epithelia

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18
Q

function of “” and “” spokes

converts “” “” into “” “”

A

Nexin; radial

convert doublet sliding into ciliary bending

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19
Q

describe sliding doublet model

A

something changes about dynein arm -> DOUBLET walks -> nexin and radial spokes prevent from continuing

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20
Q

describe primary cilia (structure, 2 things)

A

LACK dynein arms

don’t move

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21
Q

describe primary cilia function

A
  • imp in development

- in KIDNEY, are flow sensors

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22
Q

dif bt taxol and VV

A

taxol binds to MT

VV binds to dimer

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23
Q

listeria is acquired via (what health behavior)

A

food poisoning

24
Q

mec of listeria

A

listeria doesn’t have its own actin BUT it hijacks the host cell’s ARP complex for actin polymerization and uses this for movement

25
Q

read: immotile cilia syndrome may have situs inversus

A

-

26
Q

term for on belly

A

prone

27
Q

if you are moving up and down the body (head to toe direction), what TERM indicates toward head

if you are moving from belly button to back, what TERM indicates the back

A

superior

dorsal

28
Q

how do you make a sagittal cut

A

person is laying on his stomach

you take a knife and chop him right down his spine, separating the left and right sides of him

29
Q

above the diaphragm is what

below

A

above - thorax

below - abdomen

30
Q

name of the model of membrane

A

fluid mosaic

31
Q

list transport mec across mem (3)

A

1) diffusion
2) diffusion thru ion channels
3) carrier mediated
- facilitated diffusion
- coupled carrier
- active (pumps)

32
Q

diffusion is only useful physiologically over what

A

very short distance

33
Q

rate of diffusion is proportional to

A

concentration gradient

diffusion coefficient

34
Q

diffusion rate in solution can be described by what law

A

Fick’s First law

35
Q

read: direction of flux is from higher to lower conc means + membrane flux

A

-

36
Q

diffusion of a charged molecule depnds on [ ] AND

A

electric field effects

37
Q

ex of things that cross via diffusion (4)

A

02
benzene
urea
C02

38
Q

define osmosis

A

net flux of water across a semi permeable membrane from area of low solute [ ] to area of high solute [ ]

39
Q

osmolarity vs osmolality

A 
rity = # moles/L
lity = # moles/kg
40
Q

define osmotic pressure

A

pressure req to prevent osmotic FLOW Of water

41
Q

II = RT(ic)
is eq for

eq is called

where do you get the osmolarity in eq

A

osmotic pressure

van’t Hoff relation

via IC

42
Q

steady state cell V depends on

A

[ ] of impermeant solutes

43
Q

flow of ions thru channel is driven by what

A

electrochemical gradient ( [ ] and membrane voltage)

44
Q

which is faster: ion transport or carrier

A

ion

45
Q

list the classes of ion channels

-light gated is…

A

1) ligand gated
2) voltage gated
3) stretch gated/mechano-sensitive
4) temp gated
5) light gated (not found in mammals)

46
Q

stretch gated channels exist are involved in what kinds of sensation

A

auditory

47
Q

transport by ion channels is (active/passive)

A

passive

48
Q

facilitated diffusion via carriers ( ) depend directly on ATP

A

does NOT

49
Q

co transport ex (2)

A

Na and glucose (read: Na is going DOWN gradient while glucose goes UP gradient)

Na and amino acids

50
Q

carriers that rely on an ion gradient controlled by a pump are called

A

secondary active transport

read: transport of glucose and AA by Na coupled carriers ARE examples

51
Q

define exchange carriers

ex

A

transport two in OPP direction

Na/Ca exchanger (Na into, Ca OUT against gradient)

52
Q

what’s the key pt about active transport

A

carrier

fueled by ATP

53
Q

Na/K pump maintains what conditions (in and out of cell)

A

intra: high K, low Na

54
Q

someone wt diabetes -> excess glucose show up in urine bc ??

A

glucose carriers in kidneys are saturated

cannot transport ALL glucose into bloodstream

55
Q

leaky epithelia transport what

tight epithelia does what

A

leaky = isosmotic fluid

tight = maintain large osmotic gradient
*renal collecting duct or stomach

56
Q

toxins typically attack what

A

ion channels

57
Q

dif bt ion selectivity and gating

which channel is this applicable for

A

s = which ions they transport

g = what causes them to open and close

ION channel

Block 1 (16 decks)

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