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Block 1 > ALL extra cards (8.21) > Flashcards

ALL extra cards (8.21) Flashcards

1
Q

lipids are (full/devoid) of water

A

devoid

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2
Q

the anion gap is used clinically for what purpose

A

to estimate [ ] of anions that are NOT routinely measured

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3
Q

the Swan & Pitts exp summary

A
  • add a lot of H
  • pH drops a little
  • means buffering system exists
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4
Q

name them: carbonic vs bicarbonate

A

carbonic: 2
bi: HC03-

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5
Q

types of transport in gut epithelial cell

A

uni, sym, antiport

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6
Q

CON of TEM

A

cannot examine living cells

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7
Q

ex of each

  • uni
  • sym
  • anti
A

uni Na channel

sym Na/glucose

anti Na/K

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8
Q

ECM component

why

A

fibrous proteins like collagen

resist stretching

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9
Q

function of laminin

A

attach epithelia to basal lamina

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10
Q

Do all eukaryotic proteins have a methionine on their amino terminus?

why

A

NO

methionine is often removed from N (start) terminus

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11
Q

Clathrin function

Dynamin function

A

C = shape membrane into coated pit

D = causes coated pit to pinch off to form coated vesicle

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12
Q

name the 3 main pathways for exocytosis

-give ex for 2 and 3

A

1) signal mediated diversion to lysosome

2) regulated secretary pathway (Golgi products in vesicles are released rapidly)
ex: insulin release

3) constitutive secretory pathway (NO VESICLES, just discharged at cell surface)
ex: production of plasma membrane

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13
Q

purpose of clathrin coated vesicle

A

1) endocytose things from cell surface

2) move material from Golgi to various destinations

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14
Q

peroxisome function

A

1) enzyme produces hydrogen peroxide

2) catalase breaks down excess HP

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15
Q

peroxisomes are plentiful in what organ

why

A

liver

detoxify

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16
Q

In 1, glucose breaks down into its comp

In 2, acetyl coA enters CAC

In 3, ETC exists

Protons are pumped from 4 to 5 so that ATP ends up in 6

A

1 - cytosol

2 - matrix

3 - IM

4 - matrix
5 - IM

6 - matrix

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17
Q

what enzyme contains polypeptides coded by mito AND nuclear DNA

A

ATP synthase

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18
Q

mitochondrial genes are (maternally/paternally) inherited

A

m

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19
Q

mismatch repair mec is involved in the cancer of “” and “”

A

colon

rectum

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20
Q

large proteins require the nuclear localization signal in order to enter by (passive/active) transport

A

active

21
Q

large proteins require the “ in order to enter by active transport

A

nuclear localization signal

22
Q

what are the 3 types of spindle MT

each function?

A

1) aster: pull APART the POLES
2) interpolar: PUSH the POLES apart
3) kinteochore: PULL chromosomes to POLES

23
Q

necrosis

  • when does it occur
  • mec

apoptosis

  • when does it occur (2)
  • mec

main dif bt the two

A

N

  • cells are damaged
  • cells swell, burst, and cause inflammatory response

A

  • embryo development; cancer treatment
  • programmed cell death

apoptosis = no inf response

24
Q

signal recognition protein

  • function
  • what if dysfunctional
A
  • traffics proteins FROM ribosome to RER

- proteins accumulate in cytosol

25
Q

which type of muscle is intercalated disc located on

A

cardiac muscle

26
Q

purpose of desmin

A

regulates sarcomere architecture

27
Q

Purkinje fiber is found where; purpose

A

cardiac muscle

AV node -> impulse -> ventricle

28
Q

actin, IMF, MT

list out examples of IMF

A

IMF

  • keratin
  • desmin
  • laminin
29
Q

five zones of epiphyseal plate

A

resting, proliferative, hypertrophy, calcification, ossification

30
Q

which myelinating cell ONLY provides myelination to ONE axon

A

Schwann

31
Q

what channels are involved in cardiac SA node AP’s

A

HCN

Ca

32
Q

Protein misfolding occurs in what diseases (list all of them)

A

Alzheimer’s
C-Jacob’s
Huntington’s

33
Q

tRNA relies on an enzyme called

function of enzyme

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

combines tRNA with its AA

34
Q

In cerebrum, there are 6 layers

which layers do you need to know and name them

A

1 - molecular
3 - pyramidal
5 - pyramidal

35
Q

what cells look like fried eggs

A

ganglion

36
Q

HUGE cells that are a combo of 3 - what is it

A

peripheral nerve

37
Q

actin
IMF
MT

diameter sizes are

A 
a = 7NM 
i = 10NM 
m = 24NM
38
Q

dif bt post and co translational entry

A

co - proteins go to ER

39
Q

list out the post translation covalent modifications

A

1) phos of 3
2) hydroxylation of proline/lysine
(say hy to the pro-lyse)
3) ubiquination
4) glycosylation

40
Q

kinase does what

A

carries out phosphorylation

41
Q

when permeability of an ion increases, Vm (“”) Em of that ion

A

GOES TOWARD

42
Q

Eca
Ena
Ecl
Ek

A 
Ca = 120 
Na = 60 
Cl = -70 
K = -90
43
Q

CNS have long lasting afterhyp BC

long plateau phase in heart exists BC of

Pacemaker cell is intrinisically automatic bc

A

1 - Ca activated K channels

2 - Ca

3 - HCN channels (non-selective cation channels)

44
Q

alpha Amanitin toxin inhibits what RNA polymerase #?

A

2

45
Q

sense strand direction

A

SS: 5’ to 3’

46
Q

T/F: normal method of skeletal muscle contraction is tetanus

A

True

47
Q

name one way to make AP fuse (instead of remaining separate)

A

get rid of ball and chain

48
Q

Do Number 10 on Zimmerman PS

A

-

49
Q

a block of Na channels causes a (up/down) of threshold

A

up

Block 1 (16 decks)

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