Bone and Cartilage Physio - Smith

Question 1

What are the three types of cartilage? and what is the function of each?

Answer 1

fibrocartilage - highly compressible to resist pressure
hyaline cartilage - absorbs compression, provides support
elastic cartilage - provides strength and elasticity

Question 2

What are two large differences between bone and cartilage?

Answer 2

cartilage is avascular and less organized than bone

Question 3

what is the perichondrium?

Answer 3

a fibrous connective tissue sheath

Question 4

Where does cartilage get its nutrients from?

Answer 4

diffusion across the perichondrium from blood vessels near the perichondrium

Question 5

What type of cartilage lacks a perichondrium?

Answer 5

fibrocartilage

Question 6

where are the 2 locations of elastic cartilage?

Answer 6

external ear and epiglottis

Question 7

where are the 3 locations of fibrocartilage?

Answer 7

menisci of the knees
pubic symphysis
intervertebral discs

Question 8

what kind of cartilage is in the external part of the nose?

Answer 8

hyaline

Question 9

which cartilage cells create new cartilage?

Answer 9

chondroblasts

Question 10

What are collagen fibers stronger than?

Answer 10

steel

Question 11

Which type of cartilage has both type 1 and type 2 collagen?

Answer 11

fibro

Question 12

What types of cartilage have only type 2 cartilage?

Answer 12

hyaline and elastic

Question 13

What provdes much of the resistance to compression of cartilage?

Answer 13

electrostatic repulsion due to the negatively charged repulsive forces between proteoglycans in the ground substance

Question 14

What kind of cartilage makes up the cartilage scaffolding for bone formation in the embryo?

Answer 14

hyaline

Question 15

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 15

support
protection
assisting movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production

Question 16

How much of long bone is compact bone and how much is trabecular?

Answer 16

80% compact

20% trabecular

Question 17

What cells build bone and what cells degrade them?

Answer 17

osteoblasts build

osteoclasts degrade

Question 18

what three homones promote healthy bone remodeling?

Answer 18

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium release from bone 
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vit D) and calcitonin - both increase Calcium in bone

Question 19

What two major molecules does bone help regulate?

Answer 19

Calcium and Phosphate

Question 20

what are the key players in bone homeostasis as it pertains to Calcium?

Answer 20

GI tract - absorbs calcium
ECF - moves calcium
kidney - filters/reabsorbs calcium
Bone - store calcium

Question 21

Where is most of the calcium in the body?

Answer 21

in the bone

Question 22

What is the regulatory feedback between PTH and Vitamin D?

Answer 22

PTH helps activate Vit D and then that down regulates PTH

Question 23

What 4 other hormones impact Calcium metabolism and how?

Answer 23

Glucocorticoids - lower plasma calcium
Growth hormone - increase calcium excretion in urine
estrogens - prevent osteoporosis
insulin - increases bone formation

Question 24

what is osteopetrosis?

Answer 24

disease in which osteoclasts are defective and unable to resorb bone, so osteoblasts operate unopposed

Question 25

What can bisphosphantes cause in the jaw?

Answer 25

osteonecrosis of the jaw