5.3.5 - Contraception

Question 1

Combined oral contraceptive pill
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 1

• yes

-contains oestrogen (inhibits FSH release so no egg developed or released) and progesterone (stimulates production of thick mucus to prevent sperm reaching egg)

-99% effective
- side effects - headaches and nausea

Question 2

Progesterone only pill
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 2

-yes

-stimulates production of thick mucus to prevent sperm reaching egg

-99% effective

-fewer side effects than combined contraceptive pill

Question 3

Contraceptive patch
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 3

-yes

-slowly releases oestrogen and progesterone - patch lasts one week

Question 4

Contraceptive injection
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 4

-yes

-progesterone injected into upper arm. Lasts 2-3 months

Question 5

Contraceptive implant
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 5

-yes

-small device placed under skin in arm, slowly releases progesterone for up to 3 years

• lasts a long time

Question 6

Intrauterine device (IUD) - plastic
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 6

• yes
• placed inside uterus. Plastic version releases progesterone
• lasts over 3 years

Question 7

Intrauterine device (IUD) - copper AKA copper coil
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 7

-no

-prevents sperm surviving in uterus by killing them

• lasts over 3 years

Question 8

How do non-hormonal contraceptive methods work

Answer 8

Prevent sperm meeting egg

Question 9

Condom
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 9

-no

-worn over penis, traps sperm

-protect against STIs

Question 10

female condoms
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 10

-no

-placed inside vagina

-protect against STIs

Question 11

Diaphragm
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 11

-no

-shallow plastic cup fits over cervix to block sperm entering uterus

• not that reliable, must be used with spermicide, a substance which kills sperm (can be used alone as a form of contraception but only 70% effective

Question 12

sterilisation
-hormonal?
-how it works
-pros
-cons

Answer 12

-no

-involves cutting/tying fallopian tubes so eggs can’t pass from ovaries to uterus OR sperm duct cut and tied

• permanent

Question 13

Natural methods (very unreliable and not recommended)

Answer 13

Only having sex at certain times of the month

Stopping sex just before ejaculation

Question 14

Only method of being 100% sure

Answer 14

Abstinence