Forensic - Detection of Deception

Question 1

What are the 3 types of lies?

Answer 1

1. Outright lies
2. Exaggerations
3. Subtle lies

Question 2

What are the 5 main reasons to lie?

Answer 2

1. Gain personal advantage
2. Avoid punishment
3. Make a positive impression on others
4. Protect from embarrassment/disapproval
5. Sake of social relationships

Question 3

What are the two major categories of lies?

Answer 3

Self-oriented and Other-oriented

Question 4

What is the frequency of lying?

Answer 4

> Extroverts more than introverts - social desirability
> Women tell more social lies
> Depends on:
personality and gender of the liar
situation
people with whom the lie is told

Question 5

What are behavioural indicators of deception?

Answer 5

1. Ekman’s emotional approach:
   > reduction in non-verbal behaviour
2. Content Complexity: lying can be difficult -> different nonverbal behaviours for cognitively complex tasks
3. Controlling behaviour - become too rehearsed and rigid.

Question 6

What are content indicators of deception?

Answer 6

Statement Validity Assessment (SVA):

1. Semi-Structured interview
2. Criteria-based content anaylsis (CBCA)
3. Evaluation of CBCA outcome via a set of questions

Question 7

What criteria recieved the most supports?

Answer 7

criteria 3 - quantity of details

Question 8

What are verbal indicators of deception?

Answer 8

1. Higher pitch of voice
2. Increased response latency
3. Increased errors in speech
4. Shorter length of description

Question 9

What are nonverbal cues of deception?

Answer 9

5. Decreased nodding
6. Decreased foot and leg movements
7. Decreased hand movements

Question 10

What is a statement validity assessment (SVA)?

Answer 10

A series of tests to determine the credibility of testimonies.

Question 11

What are the three components to a SVA

Answer 11

1. Semi-structured interview
2. Criteria based content analysis (CBCA) of transcribed account during interview
3. Evaluation of account through a set of questions (validity check)

Question 12

What is the Criteria based content analysis?

Answer 12

A list of 19 criteria in which trained evaluators judge the presence of each criteria. If the criteria is present then it strengthens the likelihood that they are not lying

Question 13

Does SVA work?

Answer 13

Yes but still inconclusive to be able to tell for sure.

Best if combined with nonverbal observations and CBCA

Question 14

What are the 3 factors of behavioural detection?

Answer 14

1. Ekman’s emotional response
2. Content complexity
3. Controlling behaviours

Question 15

What is harder to control, non verbal or verbal cues?

Answer 15

Non verbal ie behavioural

Question 16

What are the four components to a criteria-based content analysis?

Answer 16

1. General characteristics
2. Specific characteristics
3. Motivation-based
4. Offense-related specific

Question 17

What were the greatest Statement Validity Assessment factors?

Answer 17

When looking at the criteria-based content analysis, the best predictors were, factor 3 (quantity of details) and factor 4 and 6 (the reproductions of conversation)

Question 18

What was the name of the researcher who looked into criteria-based content analysis?

Answer 18

Vrij (2005) - he reviewed the first 37 field studies and

Question 19

Guides for catching a liar by Vrij

Answer 19

1. Compare their report behaviour to their normal behaviour
2. Probe deeper in each question
3. Dont give away vital information
4. Get them to repeat their statements
5. Be suspicious