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Functional Neuroanatomy > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The brain (can,can’t) store oxygen or glucose.

A

can’t

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2
Q

The brain uses ~_____% of all blood and ~_____% of all its oxygen

A

20

25

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3
Q

Ischemia occurs when the brain is deprived of blood for _____.

A

10 seconds

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4
Q

Electrical activity stops in the brain _____ after oxygen deprivation.

A

20 seconds

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5
Q

Brain function is closely coupled with _____.

A

vasculature

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6
Q

Blood vessels are denser in _____ than _____.

A

gray matter

white matter

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7
Q

No neuron in the brain is more than _____ from blood supply.

A

100 micrometers

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8
Q

80% of the blood that flows to the brain goes through the _____.

A

2 carotid arteries

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9
Q

Two carotid arteries exists at the _____.

A

front/sides of the neck

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10
Q

20% of the blood that flows to the brain goes through the _____.

A

vertebral arteries

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11
Q

Two vertebral arteries exist at the _____.

A

back/sides of the neck

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12
Q

The internal carotid arteries split and become the _____, _____, and _____.

A

anterior/L/R communicating arteries (COW)
anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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13
Q

The two vertebral arteries join to become the _____.

A

basilar artery

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14
Q

The basilar artery splits and becomes the _____ and _____.

A

posterior communicating artery (COW)

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

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15
Q

The ACA supplies the _____ and _____.

A

medial frontal

parietal

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16
Q

The MCA supplies the _____ and _____.

A

lateral frontal

parietal

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17
Q

The ACA and MCA supply the _____.

A

forebrain

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18
Q

The PCA supplies the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

temporal
brainstem
cerebellum

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19
Q

_____ split from the MCA to supply the basal ganglia and thalamus.

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

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20
Q

_____ split from the MCA to supply deep subcortical structures.

A

Perforating arteries

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21
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries supply the _____ and _____.

A

basal ganglia

thalamus

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22
Q

Perforating arteries supply _____.

A

deep subcortical structures

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23
Q

A _____ is a region where arteries plunge into deep areas to perfuse.

A

perforated substance

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24
Q

Perforated substances of the cortex include the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

basal ganglia
thalamus
caudate nucleus
globus pallidus

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25
Q

AICA

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

26
Q

PICA

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

27
Q

SCA

A

Superior Cerebellar Artery

28
Q

A _____ is a connection of 2 blood vessels.

A

anastomoses

29
Q

An angiography is used to view _____.

A

blood vessels

30
Q

Blood flow to the brain is fixed at a rate of _____.

A

850 ml/min

31
Q

Each carotid artery has a blood flow rate of _____.

A

350 ml/min

32
Q

The basilar artery has a blood flow rate of _____.

A

100 ml/min

33
Q

Cerebral blood vessels (constrict,dilate) as blood pressure drops.

A

dilate

34
Q

The most common cause of neurological deficits is from _____.

A

Cerebrovascular disease/accidents

35
Q

The immediate centralized damage from a stroke is called the _____.

A

core

36
Q

The staggered and decentralized damage from a stroke is called the _____, and is caused by _____.

A

penumbra

the inflammation response

37
Q

A small lesion from a stroke is called a _____.

A

lacune

38
Q

The necrotic tissue from a stroke is called _____.

A

infarct

39
Q

The rupturing of an artery is called a _____.

A

hemorrhagic stroke

40
Q

AVM

A

Arteriovenous malformation

41
Q

An AVM is a congenital condition where _____ connect and can cause neurlogical problems.

A

arteries and veins connect (without capillaries)

42
Q

ACA damage can cause _____, and _____.

A

restricted contralateral somatosensation

contralateral motor deficits (usually leg)

43
Q

MCA damage can cause _____ and _____.

A

major contralateral somatosensory deficits

contralateral motor deficits

44
Q

PCA damage can cause _____.

A

visual problems

45
Q

A _____ is the area between major capillaries

A

watershed area

46
Q

Watershed areas are more susceptible to _____ and _____.

A

blood clots

strokes

47
Q

The _____ controls the flow of extracellular fluid into the brain.

A

BBB

48
Q

The BBB ends at the _____.

A

capillaries

49
Q

The BBB is comprised of _____.

A

astrocytes

50
Q

A leaky BBB implicates _____, such as _____.

A

diseases

MS (age-related)

51
Q

The venous system drains _____ from the brain.

A

deoxygenated blood

52
Q

Veins in the brain don’t have _____.

A

valves

53
Q

SPECT

A

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

54
Q

SPECT has a _____ resolution.

A

10mm

55
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography

56
Q

PET relies on _____, which _____.

A

radioactive tracers

bind to ligands that can cross the BBB

57
Q

fMRI has a _____ resolution.

A

2.5mm

58
Q

fMRI capitalizes on the difference of _____ to _____.

A

hemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin

59
Q

fMRI capitalizes on _____.

A

iron levels in hemoglobin

60
Q

fMRI is BOLD (_____)

A

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent

61
Q

fMRI is a _____ measure of neuronal activity

A

indirect

Functional Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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