Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Functional Neuroanatomy > Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell > Flashcards

Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral chemoreceptors sense _____.

A

%O2, glucose, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gustatory receptor cells sense _____.

A

taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Olfactory receptor neurons sense _____.

A

smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemosensitive endings sense _____.

A

common chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Flavor

A

The combination of taste
Stimulation of olfactory neurons by vapors
Free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impaired smell results in impaired _____.

A

taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Taste and olfaction are integrated in the _____.

A

orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

Located at the back of the tongue, near the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Located at the lateral caudal part of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Located on the top of the tongue, less so in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN IX innervates _____.

A

circumvallate and posterior foliate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN VII innervates _____.

A

fungiform and anterior foliate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CN V innervates _____.

A

anterior 2/3 of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CN IX innervates _____.

A

posterior 1/3 of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Taste receptor cells are modified _____ that have developed neuron-like properties.

A

epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____ protrude through the pore of a taste receptor cell.

A

Microvillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Taste receptors generate _____ potentials.

A

depolarizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Taste receptor cells synapse onto _____ or _____ (through use of _____).

A

gustatory neurons
gap junctions
ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Taste receptor cells detect _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

salty
sour
sweet and umami
bitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Salt is detected by TRCs through _____.

A

NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sour is detected by TRCs though _____.

A

acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A weak acid will _____ a TRC.

A

diffuse across the membrane of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A strong acid will _____ a TRC.

A

depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TRCs detect sour through _____ receptors.

A

ionotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

TRCs detect sweet and umami through _____ receptors.

A

metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

TRCs detect bitter through _____ receptors.

A

metabotropic

27
Q

CNs that project for gustation

A

VII, IX, X

28
Q

CN VII, IX, and X project to the _____.

A

solitary nucleus

29
Q

The solitary tract projects to the _____.

A

central tegmenal tract in the pons

30
Q

Gustatory information runs from the pons to the _____.

A

VPM nucleus of the thalamus

31
Q

Gustatory information runs from the VPM nucleus of the thatlamus to the _____.

A

primary gustatory cortex

32
Q

The primary gustatory cortex projects to the _____.

A

orbital frontal cortex and amygdala

33
Q

The amygdala sends gustatory information to the _____.

A

hypothalamus and limbic system

34
Q

Labeled-line coding

A

Different receptors are used to detect each kind of food stimulus

35
Q

Across-fiber coding

A

Patterns of activation in large populations with multiple food stimuli

36
Q

CN VII mainly conveys _____.

A

sweet/salty

37
Q

CN IX mainly conveys _____.

A

sour/bitter

38
Q

Vapors enter the _____.

A

palate and back wall of the nasal cavity

39
Q

The olfactory epithelium is made of _____, lining the _____.

A

olfactory epithelial cells

top of the nasal cavity

40
Q

The olfactory epithelium spans _____cm^2

A

1-2

41
Q

Sensory endings from _____ are present in the olfactory epithelium and detect _____.

A

CN V

noxious odors

42
Q

Olfactory neurons are _____polar.

A

bi

43
Q

Axons from olfactory epithelial cells collect into bundles called _____.

A

olfactory fila

44
Q

Olfactory fila course through the _____.

A

cribiform plate

45
Q

Olfactory fila project to the _____.

A

olfactory bulb

46
Q

Olfactory cells are replaced every _____ by _____.

A

1-2 months

basal cells

47
Q

_____ guide axons of olfactory cells through the cribiform plate.

A

basal cells

48
Q

Humans have _____ kinds of olfactory neurons

A

300

49
Q

Chemosensitive cilia have _____ that open to produce _____.

A

ion channels

2nd messenger effects

50
Q

Olfaction is (rapidly, slowly) adapting

A

rapidly

51
Q

Olfactory epithelial cells synapse onto _____.

A

mitral cells

52
Q

_____ are the most prominent cells in the olfactory bulb.

A

Mitral cells

53
Q

Dentrits of mitral cells form dendritic arbor called _____.

A

glomeruli

54
Q

The olfactory bulb has no primary relay to the _____.

A

thalamus

55
Q

The left and right olfactory bulbs communicate through the _____.

A

anterior commisure

56
Q

All olfactory fibers are (ipsilateral/contralateral).

A

ipsilateral

57
Q

Some fibers of the olfactory tract run through the _____.

A

perforated substance

58
Q

Most fibers of the olfactory tract go laterally as the _____ before leading into the _____.

A

lateral ofactory tracts

primary olfactory cortex (piriform)

59
Q

Anosmia

A

loss of smell

60
Q

Patients with anosmia often complain of _____.

A

lack of taste

61
Q

The most common cause of anosmia is _____.

A

a tumor under the orbitofrontal cortex

62
Q

Conductive olfactory deficits are caused by _____.

A

blockage

63
Q

sensorineural olfactory deficits are caused by _____.

A

damage or neurodegeneration

64
Q

Olfactory aura

A

A common precursory symptom of a seizure that starts near the olfactory bulb

Functional Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions