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AP Psych > Unit 3- Brain > Flashcards

Unit 3- Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Interneuron

A

Communicate between motor and sensory neurons

- in brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Axon

A

Where the electrical method takes place

- connects soma to axon terminal

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3
Q

Action potential

A

Where positive ions rush into the axon

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4
Q

Refractory period

A

Positive ions get kicked out

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

Movement

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6
Q

Dendrite

A

Where a message enters the cell

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7
Q

Threshold

A

N

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8
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitter goes back into the axon terminal where it came from

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9
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Senses

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10
Q

Soma

A

Contains all cell parts

-cell body

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11
Q

All-or-None

A

Neuron can not partially fire, it completely fires or doesn’t fire at all

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12
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells that protect and nourish the neurons

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13
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Protects axon and helps message travel faster

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14
Q

Synapse

A

Gap/space between neurons

-dendrite of one and axon terminal of another

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15
Q

Resting potential

A

Negative ions are inside axon, positive ions are outside, no movement

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

Pain killing, make you happy, exercise

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17
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory- send messages forward

-if injured, can have seizures, migraines, sensitivity to light/sound

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18
Q

Epinephrine

A

Emergency (flight or fight), allergic reaction

-can get in depressed mood or have fatigue if injured

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, attention, learning, emotion

-if injured can cause parkinsons (shaking) disease or schizophrenia (delusions/paranoia)

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20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Memory, muscle contraction

-if injures may cause Alzheimer’s disease or muscle paralysis

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21
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, sleep, hunger, attention

-if injured, can cause depression or ADD/ADHD

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22
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory -stops messages

-if injured, can cause seizures, tremor, or insomnia

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23
Q

Central NS

A

Info from body to brain

-brain and spine

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24
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Stress response

-part of peripheral NS and autonomic

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25
Q

Peripheral NS

A

Off to side

-includes autonomic and somatic

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26
Q

Somatic NS

A

Body, voluntary motions

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27
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Automatic/involuntary body functions

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28
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Peace

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29
Q

Reflex

A

Automatic responses to stimuli

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30
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers

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31
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

In neck, regulates calcium levels

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32
Q

Pituitary gland

A

In brain, controls growth and is master gland

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33
Q

Adrenal gland

A

In kidneys and back, controls adrenalin -emergency response

34
Q

Pineal gland

A

In brain, controls circadian rhythms and melatonin

35
Q

Melatonin

A

Z

36
Q

Thyroid gland

A

In neck, controls metabolism

37
Q

Lesion

A

Destroy

38
Q

EEG

A

Measures brainwaves/activity

-seizures, sleep, epilepsy

39
Q

CT/CAT Scan

A

X-ray image of brain

-concussion, stroke, tumor

40
Q

PET scan

A

Injected with dye that shows scan active areas in brain

41
Q

MRI

A

More detailed images of soft tissue in brain

-muscle, ligaments, stroke

42
Q

FMRI

A

Active areas AND soft tissue detail

43
Q

Split-brain procedure

A

Cut the corpus callosum

-done to stop spread of seizures (2 sides can’t communicate)

44
Q

Brainstem

A

Connect brain and body and controls autonomic functions

-if injured, can cause coma or death

45
Q

Limbic system

A

Collection of brain parts that control emotion and our body’s emergency response

46
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Top side

-touch, pain, temperature

47
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Language, verbal, organization, problem solving, math, science, reading, order/sequence, analyze

48
Q

Motor cortex

A

Movements

49
Q

Plasticity

A

Brain has ability to adapt, change, and reorganize if damaged

50
Q

Medulla

A

Connect brain and body and controls autonomic functions
-if injured, can cause coma or death
SAME AS BRAINSTEM

51
Q

Amygdala

A

Controls extreme emotions

  • more active when younger
  • if injured, can cause depression, bipolar, anxiety
52
Q

Cerebrum

A

Top portion made of 4 lobes -controls higher level thinking, personality, and senses

53
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Below parietal lobe -Hearing, memory and some speech

-temples

54
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Controls ability to understand language or speak in a meaningful way

55
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Part of parietal lobe

-highly concentrated area of sensory neurons

56
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Forming new neurons

57
Q

Pons

A

Bridge/connector between the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum
-if injured, there will be a problem with coordinating basic body movements

58
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance, coordination, muscle control, and muscle memory
-if injured, can cause lack of balance and coordination

59
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Controls higher level thinking, planning, judgement, decision making, personality, mood, and voluntary movements
-includes frontal association area which controls all (above) but movement which is also called the prefrontal cortex

60
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

61
Q

Broca’s area

A

Part of brain that controls physical ability to speak

62
Q

Association area

A

Integrate information

63
Q

Hippocampus

A

Short term to long term memory

-if injured, remembers nothing beyond short term

64
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintains temperature and stable emotions or hunger and feelings
-if injured, can cause difficulty maintaining body temperature or appetite changes

65
Q

Reticular formation (RAS)

A

Same as pineal; in control or circadian rhythms and level of alertness or arousal
-if injured, can cause insomnia, excessive fatigue

66
Q

Frontal association area

A

Part of frontal lobe and controls all that frontal lobe does but movement

67
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Controls emotions, music, visual, creativity, photographic, feeling/gut

68
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Ability to read out loud

69
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Part of brain that connects the right and left hemisphere

70
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of the brain activity linked with our mental process

71
Q

Chromosomes

A

46 in body and half from mom and dad

72
Q

Identical twins

A

X

73
Q

Natural selection

A

X

74
Q

Dual processing

A

Perception, memory, thinking, language all operate on two different levels
-conscious “high road” and unconscious automatic “low road”

75
Q

DNA

A

Coiled chain of the molecule DNA

76
Q

Fraternal twins

A

X

77
Q

Mutation

A

X

78
Q

Behavior genetics

A

People who study our differences and weigh the effects and interplay of heredity and enviornment

79
Q

Genes

A

Small parts of the DNA molecules

80
Q

Heritability

A

X

81
Q

Genome

A

X

82
Q

Interaction

A

X

AP Psych (7 decks)

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