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AP Psych > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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2
Q

Learning

A

Permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

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3
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

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4
Q

Associative learning

A

Learning that certain events occur together

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5
Q

Counter-conditioning

A

Q

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6
Q

Acquisition

A

First time the CR occurs because of the CS

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7
Q

Unconditioned response

A

Natural physical response

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8
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Unlearned trigger

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9
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

At first, no effect, nut later triggers the response

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10
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response

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11
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Part that created the new association

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12
Q

Extinction

A

Point at which CR no longer follows the CS

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13
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

After a period of extinction, a CR suddenly returns

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14
Q

Generalization

A

CR to a range of similar stimuli

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15
Q

Discrimination

A

When a person only responds to a specific CS

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16
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Occurs with an involuntary response to a learned stimulus

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17
Q

Higher order conditioning

A

CS is paired with a new NS which creates a second CS

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18
Q

Vicarious classical conditioning

A

W

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19
Q

Law of effect

A

More we reinforce a behavior, the more it occurs

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20
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Reinforcement that you need to survive

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21
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Want because it is enjoyable or it is something we like so we are willing to try and get them

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22
Q

Operant chamber

A

A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water

23
Q

Shaping

A

When you train a behavior that is very complex piece by piece

24
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adding something wanted to increase a behavior in the future

25
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Taking away something unwanted to inverse a behavior

until

26
Q

Positive punishment

A

Adding something unwanted to decrease the behavior in the future

27
Q

Negative punishment

A

Take away something wanted in order to decrease a behavior

28
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Voluntary behaviors and consequences

29
Q

Punishment

A

An event that decreases the behavior that it follows

30
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequence that will increase the chance that behavior will happen in the future

31
Q

Token economy

A

People can earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can exchange those for privileges or treats

32
Q

Behavior modification

A

E

33
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Reinforce a behavior every time

34
Q

Partial reinforcement

A

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response

35
Q

Fixed interval schedule

A

Reinforce after same amount of time

36
Q

Variable ratio schedule

A

Changing amount of a repeated action

*most effective

37
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

Changing amount of time that passes between reinforcements

38
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement after same amount of repeated actions

39
Q

Delayed reinforcer

A

R

40
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Hopelessness an animal learns when unable to avoid repeated events

41
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

42
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishments

43
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by observing others

44
Q

Modeling

A

Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

45
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing others doing so. Can enable imitation and empathy

46
Q

Cognitive map

A

Mental representation of the layout in ones environment

47
Q

Latent learning

A

Hidden learning that is under the surface

48
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

Operant conditioning
Pigeons and rats
Schedules of reinforcement

49
Q

John Watson

A

Classical conditioning

Baby Al

50
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical conditioning

Dogs

51
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

Operant conditioning

Law of effect

52
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Bobo doll

Social/observational learning

53
Q

Edward Tollman

A

Latent learning

Rats in maze

54
Q

John Garcia

A

Classical conditioning

Taste aversions

AP Psych (7 decks)

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