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Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade > Biology Terms Unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology Terms Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What charge is a neutron and where is it located?

A

Neutral/0, Located in the nucleus

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2
Q

What charge is a proton and where is it located?

A

Positive, Located in the nucleus

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3
Q

What charge is an electron and where is it located?

A

Negative, Located outside the nucleus

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

An isotope is an element that has a number of neutrons different from atoms of the same element

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5
Q

What holds compounds together and how are they different than mixtures?

A

They are held together by chemical bonds; they are different than mixtures because they are not chemically combined

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6
Q

What is cohesion?

A

An attraction between molecules of the same substance

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7
Q

What is adhesion?

A

An attraction between molecules of a different substance

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8
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

A bond formed when one or more electrons transfer from one atom to another

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9
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

A bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms

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10
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons available to form bonds

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11
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

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12
Q

What does water dissolve?

A

Almost anything (Universal Solvent)

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13
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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14
Q

What is a reactant?

A

An element or compound that enters a chemical reaction

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15
Q

What is a product?

A

An element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

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16
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance in which a solute dissolves

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17
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance that is dissolved

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18
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp changes in pH

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19
Q

What is a base?

A

A compound that produces hydroxide in a solution

20
Q

What is an acid?

A

Any compound that forms hydrogen ions in a solution

21
Q

What is mass number?

A

Tells the number of neutrons and protons in an atom

22
Q

What is atomic number?

A

Tells the number of protons and electrons in an atom

23
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

24
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A material composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together, not chemically.

25
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

26
Q

What are Polymers made of?

A

Monomers

27
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

28
Q

What are lipids?

A

Macromolecules made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

29
Q

What are proteins?

A

Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes

30
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Single sugar molecules

31
Q

What are Nucleotides made of?

A

A 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

32
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest unit of most compounds

33
Q

What makes something polar?

A

When there is an uneven distribution of electrons between two atoms

34
Q

Proteins are polymers of molecules called…

A

Amino acids

35
Q

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are known as…

A

Polysaccharides

36
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another

37
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy needed to get a reaction started

38
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

39
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts.

40
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The reactant of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

41
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

42
Q

What do organic compounds contain?

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus

43
Q

What are the characteristics of bases?

A

Bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, don’t react with metals.

44
Q

What are the characteristics of acids?

A

Sour, turn blue litmus paper red, react with metals

45
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

A number that tells the number of protons and electrons in an element.

46
Q

What is a mass number?

A

It tells the total of all the protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Brice Seth Ben Flashcards 8th Grade (23 decks)

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