Biology Test: Units 10+11 (Mitosis and Meiosis, etc.)

Question 1

What is Cell division

Answer 1

The process by which cells divide into two new daughter cells

Question 2

What is a Centromere

Answer 2

The area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Question 3

What is the Cell Cycle

Answer 3

The series of events that cells undergo as they grow and divide.

Question 4

What is Mitosis

Answer 4

Division of the cell nucleus

Question 5

What is Interphase

Answer 5

The period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Question 6

What is Prophase

Answer 6

The first and longest phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

Question 7

What is Metaphase

Answer 7

The second phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Question 8

What is Anaphase

Answer 8

The third phase of mitosis during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

Question 9

What is Telophase

Answer 9

The fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material

Question 10

What is Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Question 11

What does Homologous mean

Answer 11

Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

Question 12

What is a Diploid

Answer 12

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 13

What is a Haploid

Answer 13

A cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

Question 14

What is Meiosis

Answer 14

The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell (One diploid cell becomes four haploid cells)

Question 15

What is a Tetrad

Answer 15

A structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

Question 16

What is Crossing-over

Answer 16

The process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 17

What are the reasons why cells cannot get too big?

Answer 17

1. DNA Overload
2. Exchanging Materials
3. Ratio of surface area to volume

Question 18

What are the four phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 18

The M, S, G1, and G2 phases

Question 19

What is Cancer

Answer 19

A disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth

Question 20

What happens during Interphase I?

Answer 20

Cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes

Question 21

What happens during Prophase I?

Answer 21

Each chromosomes pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad.

Question 22

What happens during Metaphase I?

Answer 22

Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Question 23

What happens during Anaphase I?

Answer 23

The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 24

What happens during Telophase I?

Answer 24

Nuclear membranes form.

Question 25

What happens during Prophase II?

Answer 25

Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Question 26

What happens during Metaphase II?

Answer 26

The chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis.

Question 27

What happens during Anaphase II?

Answer 27

The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell.

Question 28

What happens during Telophase II?

Answer 28

Nuclear membranes form (End of meiosis… four haploid (N) cells have been produced.)

Question 29

Cyclin

Answer 29

A protein that regulates the cell cycle

Question 30

Internal Regulators

Answer 30

Signals from inside the cell that regulate the cell cycle

Question 31

External Regulators

Answer 31

Signals from outside the cell that regulate the cell cycle

Question 32

What happens during the G1 phase?

Answer 32

Cell growth

Question 33

What happens during the S phase?

Answer 33

DNA replication

Question 34

What happens during the G2 phase?

Answer 34

Preparation for mitosis

Question 35

What happens during the M phase?

Answer 35

Mitosis; cell division